CMP Journal 2025-10-09
Statistics
Nature Physics: 1
Science: 20
Physical Review Letters: 29
Physical Review X: 2
arXiv: 60
Nature Physics
Strings and topological defects govern ordering kinetics in endothelial cell layers
Original Paper | Biological physics | 2025-10-08 20:00 EDT
Iris Ruider, Kristian Thijssen, Daphné Raphaëlle Vannier, Valentina Paloschi, Alfredo Sciortino, Amin Doostmohammadi, Andreas R. Bausch
Many physiological processes, such as the shear flow alignment of endothelial cells in the vasculature, depend on the transition of cell layers between disordered and ordered phases. Here we demonstrate that such a transition is driven by the non-monotonic evolution of nematic topological defects in a layer of endothelial cells and the emergence of string excitations that bind the defects together. This suggests the existence of an intermediate phase of ordering kinetics in biological matter. We use time-resolved large-scale imaging and physical modelling to analyse the non-monotonic decrease in the number of defect pairs. The interaction of the intrinsic cell layer activity and the alignment field determines the occurrence of defect domains, which defines the nature of the transition. Defect pair annihilation is mediated by string excitations spanning multicellular scales within the cell layer. Our results, therefore, suggest a mechanism by which intermediate ordering and string excitation might contribute to regulating morphogenetic movements and tissue remodelling in vivo.
Biological physics, Topological defects
Science
MTAP deficiency confers resistance to cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and STING agonists
Research Article | Cancer | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Jung-Mao Hsu, Chunxiao Liu, Weiya Xia, Chung-Yu Chen, Wei-Chung Cheng, Junwei Hou, Mien-Chie Hung
Cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Although stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have shown substantial antitumor effects in animal models, their clinical efficacy in human tumors remains unclear. Deletion of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a common genomic alteration in human tumors but is rare in preclinical syngeneic mouse models. We found that homozygous MTAP deletion in human tumors creates a tumor microenvironment that obstructs cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways by down-regulating interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), leading to resistance to STING agonists. Targeting polyamine biosynthesis reverses IRF3 down-regulation, restoring sensitivity to STING agonists in MTAP-deficient tumors. Our findings suggest that MTAP genetic status may inform patient responses to STING agonist therapy and offer an alternative strategy for boosting antitumor immune responses using STING agonists in MTAP-deleted tumors.
Locating the missing chlorophylls f in far-red photosystem I
Research Article | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Giovanni Consoli, Fiazall Tufail, Ho Fong Leong, Stefania Viola, Geoffry A. Davis, Nicholas Rew, Daniel Medranda, Michael Hofer, Paul Simpson, Marco Sandrin, Benoit Chachuat, Jenny Nelson, Thomas Renger, James W. Murray, Andrea Fantuzzi, A. William Rutherford
The discovery of chlorophyll f-containing photosystems, with their long-wavelength photochemistry, represented a distinct, low-energy paradigm for oxygenic photosynthesis. Structural studies on chlorophyll f-containing photosystem I could identify some chlorophylls f sites, but none among the photochemically active pigments and concluded that chlorophyll f plays no photochemical role. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of far-red PSI from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203, allowing the assignment of eight chlorophylls f molecules, including the redox active A-1B. Simulations of absorption difference spectra induced by charge separation indicate that the experimental spectra can be reproduced only by considering the presence of a chlorophyll f at the A-1B site. The chlorophyll f locations, wavelength assignments, and conserved far-red-specific residues provide functional insights for efficient use of long wavelength photons.
mRNA initiation and termination are spatially coordinated
Research Article | Molecular biology | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Ezequiel Calvo-Roitberg, Christine L. Carroll, GyeungYun Kim, Valeria Sanabria, Sergey V. Venev, Steven T. Mick, Joseph D. Paquette, Maritere Uriostegui-Arcos, Job Dekker, Ana Fiszbein, Athma A. Pai
Transcriptional initiation and termination decisions drive messenger RNA (mRNA) isoform diversity but the relationship between them remains poorly understood. By systematically profiling joint usage of transcription start and end sites, we observed that mRNA using upstream starts preferentially use upstream end sites and that the usage of downstream sites is similarly coupled. Our results suggest a positional initiation termination axis (PITA), in which usage of alternative terminal sites are coupled based on their genomic order. PITA is enriched in longer genes with distinct chromatin features. We find that mRNA 5’ start choice directly influences 3’ ends depending on RNA polymerase II trafficking speed. Our results indicate that spatial organization and transcriptional dynamics couple transcription initiation and mRNA 3’ end decisions to define mRNA isoform expression.
A cGAS-mediated mechanism in naked mole-rats potentiates DNA repair and delays aging
Research Article | Aging | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Yu Chen, Zhixi Chen, Hao Wang, Zhen Cui, Kai-Le Li, Zhiwei Song, Lingjiang Chen, Xiaoxiang Sun, Xiaoyu Xu, Yixue Zhang, Li Tan, Jian Yuan, Rong Tan, Min-Hua Luo, Fang-Lin Sun, Haipeng Liu, Ying Jiang, Zhiyong Mao
Efficient DNA repair might make possible the longevity of naked mole-rats. However, whether they have distinctive mechanisms to optimize functions of DNA repair suppressors is unclear. We find that naked mole-rat cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) lacks the suppressive function of human or mouse homologs in homologous recombination repair through the alteration of four amino acids during evolution. The changes enable cGAS to retain chromatin longer upon DNA damage by weakening TRIM41-mediated ubiquitination and interaction with the segregase P97. Prolonged chromatin binding of cGAS enhanced the interaction between repair factors FANCI and RAD50 to facilitate RAD50 recruitment to damage sites, thereby potentiating homologous recombination repair. Moreover, the four amino acids mediate the function of cGAS in antagonizing cellular and tissue aging and extending life span. Manipulating cGAS might therefore constitute a mechanism for life-span extension.
Acidosis orchestrates adaptations of energy metabolism in tumors
Research Article | Metabolism | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Sven Groessl, Robert Kalis, Marteinn T. Snaebjornsson, Leon Wambach, Jakob Haider, Florian Andersch, Almut Schulze, Wilhelm Palm, Johannes Zuber
Malignant tumors are characterized by diverse metabolic stresses, including nutrient shortages, hypoxia, and buildup of metabolic by-products. To understand how cancer cells adapt to such challenges, we conducted sequential CRISPR screens to identify genes that affect cellular fitness under specific metabolic stress conditions in cell culture and to then probe their relevance in pancreatic tumors. Comparative analyses of hundreds of fitness genes revealed that cancer metabolism in vivo was shaped by bioenergetic adaptations to tumor acidosis. Mechanistically, acidosis suppressed cytoplasmic activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), thereby preventing oncogene-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and promoting fused mitochondria. The resulting boost in mitochondrial respiration supported cancer cell adaptations to various metabolic stresses. Thus, acidosis is an environmental factor that alters energy metabolism to promote stress resilience in cancer.
Greater noctule bats prey on and consume passerines in flight
Research Article | Predation | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
L. Stidsholt, E. Tena, I. Foskolos, J. Nogueras, I. de la Hera, S. Sánchez-Navarro, J. L. García-Mudarra, C. Ibáñez
Despite billions of passerines seasonally migrating during the night at high altitudes, only three bat species have been found to consistently tap into this rich prey resource. However, it remains unknown where and how these bats locate, catch, and ingest relatively large passerine prey. Here, we used high-resolution biologging tags to reveal that greater noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus) ascend to high altitudes, engage in long echo-guided chases, and consume migrating passerines in flight. By using a private sensory channel through ultrasonic echolocation, prolonged chasing, and mid-air prey consumption, these predators can hunt nocturnally migrating passerines at high altitudes and therefore exploit a rich food resource that remains largely inaccessible to most predators.
Ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy regulates the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA mutations
Research Article | Cell biology | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Michele Frison, Brandon S. Lockey, Yu Nie, Zoe Golder, Eleni Theiaspra, Cameron D. Ryall, Camilla Lyons, Stephen P. Burr, Malwina Prater, Lyuba V. Bozhilova, Angelos Glynos, James B. Stewart, Nick S. Jones, Marcos R. Chiaratti, Patrick F. Chinnery
Mitochondrial synthesis of adenosine triphosphate is essential for eukaryotic life but is dependent on the cooperation of two genomes: nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA mutates ~15 times as fast as the nuclear genome, challenging this symbiotic relationship. Mechanisms must have evolved to moderate the impact of mtDNA mutagenesis but are poorly understood. Here, we observed purifying selection of a mouse mtDNA mutation modulated by Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 30 (Usp30) during the maternal-zygotic transition. In vitro, Usp30 inhibition recapitulated these findings by increasing ubiquitin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). We also found that high mutant burden, or heteroplasmy, impairs the ubiquitin-proteasome system, explaining how mutations can evade quality control to cause disease. Inhibiting USP30 unleashes latent mitophagy, reducing mutant mtDNA in high-heteroplasmy cells. These findings suggest a potential strategy to prevent mitochondrial disorders.
T cell cholesterol transport links intestinal immune responses to dietary lipid absorption
Research Article | Immunology | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Yajing Gao, John P. Kennelly, Xu Xiao, Emily Whang, Alessandra Ferrari, Alexander H. Bedard, Julia J. Mack, Alexander Nguyen, Sonal Srikanth, Thomas Weston, Lauren F. Uchiyama, Whitaker Cohn, Danielle H. Cho, Min Sub Lee, Julian Whitelegge, Yousang Gwack, Stephen G. Young, Steven J. Bensinger, Peter Tontonoz
The intrinsic pathways that control membrane organization in immune cells and their impact on cellular functions are poorly defined. We found that the nonvesicular cholesterol transporter Aster-A linked plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol availability in CD4 T cells to systemic metabolism. Aster-A was recruited to the PM during T cell receptor (TCR) activation, where it facilitated the removal of accessible cholesterol. Loss of Aster-A increased cholesterol accumulation in the PM, which enhanced TCR nanoclustering and signaling. Aster-A associated with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and negatively regulated calcium (Ca2+) flux. Aster-A deficiency promoted CD4 T cells to acquire a T helper 17 (TH17) phenotype and stimulated interleukin-22 production, which reduced intestinal fat absorption and conferred resistance to diet-induced obesity. These findings delineate how immune cell membrane homeostasis links to systemic physiology.
Anion sublattice design enables superionic conductivity in crystalline oxyhalides
Research Article | Batteries | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Feipeng Zhao, Shumin Zhang, Shuo Wang, Joel W. Reid, Wei Xia, Jue Liu, Graham King, James A. Kaduk, Jianwen Liang, Jing Luo, Yingjie Gao, Feipeng Yang, Yang Zhao, Weihan Li, Sandamini H. Alahakoon, Jinghua Guo, Yining Huang, Tsun-Kong Sham, Yifei Mo, Xueliang Sun
Solid-state batteries are attractive energy storage systems as a result of their inherent safety, but their development hinges on advanced solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Most SSEs remain largely confined to single-anion systems (e.g., sulfides, oxides, halides, and polymers). Through mixed-anion design strategy, we develop crystalline Li3Ta3O4Cl10 (LTOC) and its derivatives with excellent ionic conductivities (up to 13.7 millisiemens per centimeter at 25°C) and electrochemical stability. The LTOC structure features mixed-anion spiral chains, consisting of corner-shared oxygen and terminal chlorine atoms, which induces continuous “tetrahedron-tetrahedron” Li-ion migration pathways with low energy barriers. Additionally, LTOC demonstrates holistic cathode compatibility, enabling solid-state batteries operation at 4.9 volts versus Li/Li+ and low temperature, down to -50°C. These findings describe a promising class of superionic conductors for high-performance solid-state batteries.
A genome-to-proteome map reveals how natural variants drive proteome diversity and shape fitness
Research Article | Yeast genetics | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Christopher M. Jakobson, Johannes Hartl, Pauline Trébulle, Michael Mülleder, Daniel F. Jarosz, Markus Ralser
Understanding how genetic variation translates into complex phenotypes remains a fundamental challenge. In this work, we address this by mapping genome-to-proteome relationships in 800 progeny of a cross between two yeast strains adapted to distinct environments. Despite the modest genetic distance between the parents, we observed notable proteomic diversity and mapped more than 6400 genotype-protein associations, with more than 1600 linked to individual genetic variants. Proteomic adaptation emerged from a conserved network of cis- and trans-regulatory variants, often originating from proteins not traditionally linked to gene regulation. This atlas allowed us to forecast organismal fitness effects across diverse conditions. By connecting genomic and proteomic landscapes at unprecedented resolution, our study provides a framework for predicting the phenotypic outcomes of natural genetic variation.
Mechanism of DNA targeting by human LINE-1
Research Article | Transposon | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Wenxing Jin, Cong Yu, Yan Zhang, Changchang Cao, Tianfan Xia, Ge Song, Zhaokui Cai, Yuanchao Xue, Bing Zhu, Rui-Ming Xu
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the only autonomously active retrotransposon in humans today, constitutes a large proportion of the genome and continues to evolve the genome and impact fundamental biological processes. L1 retrotransposition critically depends on its endonuclease and reverse transcriptase subunit open reading frame 2 protein (ORF2p), which targets genomic loci and nicks DNA using an evolutionarily distinct yet not fully understood mechanism. Our structural and biochemical analyses revealed that ORF2p is a structure-dependent endonuclease. It binds a double-stranded DNA region upstream of the nicking site and recognizes a downstream forked or flap structure for efficient DNA nicking. This discovery suggests that L1 mobilization piggybacks on chromosomal processes with noncanonical DNA structure intermediates.
Targeted protein evolution in the gut microbiome by diversity-generating retroelements
Research Article | Microbiome | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Benjamin R. Macadangdang, Yanling Wang, Cora L. Woodward, Jessica I. Revilla, Bennett M. Shaw, Kayvan Sasaninia, Gillian E. Varnum, Sara K. Makanani, Chiara Berruto, Umesh Ahuja, Jeff F. Miller
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) accelerate evolution by rapidly diversifying variable proteins. The human gastrointestinal microbiota harbors the greatest density of DGRs known in nature, suggesting that they play adaptive roles in this environment. We identified >1100 distinct DGRs among human-associated Bacteroides species and discovered a subset that diversify adhesive components of type V pili and related proteins. We show that Bacteroides DGRs are horizontally transferred across species, display activity levels ranging from high to low, and preferentially alter the functional characteristics of ligand-binding residues on adhesive organelles. Specific variable protein sequences are enriched when Bacteroides strains compete with other commensal bacteria in gnotobiotic mice. Analysis of >2700 DGRs from diverse phyla in mother-infant pairs shows that Bacteroides DGRs are disproportionately transferred to vaginally delivered infants where they actively diversify. Our observations provide a foundation for understanding the potential roles of targeted genome plasticity in shaping host-associated microbial communities.
Covalent inhibitors of the PI3Kα RAS binding domain impair tumor growth driven by RAS and HER2
Research Article | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Joseph E. Klebba, Nilotpal Roy, Steffen M. Bernard, Stephanie Grabow, Melissa A. Hoffman, Hui Miao, Junko Tamiya, Jinwei Wang, Cynthia Berry, Antonio Esparza-Oros, Richard Lin, Yongsheng Liu, Marie Pariollaud, Holly Parker, Igor Mochalkin, Sareena Rana, Aaron N. Snead, Eric J. Walton, Taylor E. Wyrick, Erick Aitchison, Karl Bedke, Jacyln C. Brannon, Joel M. Chick, Kenneth Hee, Benjamin D. Horning, Mohamed Ismail, Kelsey N. Lamb, Wei Lin, Justine Metzger, Martha K. Pastuszka, Jonathan Pollock, John J. Sigler, Mona Tomaschko, Eileen Tran, Chanyu Yue, Todd M. Kinsella, Miriam Molina-Arcas, Brian N. Cook, Gabriel M. Simon, David S. Weinstein, Julian Downward, Matthew P. Patricelli
Genetic disruption of the RAS binding domain (RBD) of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha(PI3Kα) impairs the growth of tumors driven by the small guanosine triphosphatase RAS in mice and does not impact PI3Kα’s role in insulin mediated control of glucose homeostasis. Selectively blocking the RAS-PI3Kα interaction may represent a strategy for treating RAS-dependent cancers as it would avoid the toxicity associated with inhibitors of PI3Kα lipid kinase activity. We developed compounds that bind covalently to cysteine 242 in the RBD of PI3K p110α and block RAS activation of PI3Kα activity. In mice, inhibitors slow the growth of RAS mutant tumors and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing tumors, particularly when combined with other inhibitors of the RAS/Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, without causing hyperglycemia.
Tropical forest carbon offsets deliver partial gains amid persistent over-crediting
Research Article | Carbon offsets | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Yuzhi Tang, Chao Yang, Haishan Wu, Zihao Xu, Linlin Tan, Wei Tu, Bowen Li, Zhaopeng Li, Zhijun Wang, Kai Guo, Siting Xiong, Shoubin Chen, Bo Zhang, Jindong Tian, Yu Hu, Zhipeng Chen, Jonathan M. Chase, Qingquan Li
REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus) projects generate carbon credits to offset emissions, but recent studies have questioned their effectiveness. We evaluated 52 voluntary REDD+ projects across 12 tropical countries using synthetic control methods. Only a minority of project units showed statistically significant reductions in deforestation, and just 19% met their reported emissions targets. Nonetheless, many underperforming projects still delivered partial climate benefits, with an estimated 13.2% of tradable credits supported by counterfactual analysis. Effectiveness varied by region, with stronger performance in Brazil and Africa. Although systematic over-crediting remains a concern, our results suggest greater climate benefits than previous assessments. Improving baseline methodologies and strengthening verification frameworks will be essential for enhancing the credibility and impact of forest carbon offsets.
SALICYLIC ACID SENSOR1 reveals the propagation of an SA hormone surge during plant pathogen advance
Research Article | Hormone sensors | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Bijun Tang, Jing Lu, Hana Leontovyčová, Gesa Hoffmann, James H. Rowe, Sacha Fouquay O’Donnell, Mathieu Grangé-Guermente, Bo Larsen, Rinukshi Wimalasekera, Philip Carella, Marco Incarbone, Tetiana Kalachova, Alexander M. Jones
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone that orchestrates immune responses against pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The timing and extent of SA accumulation are tightly controlled by plants but can be suppressed by pathogens to overcome immunity. Understanding SA dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging owing to limitations in existing detection methods that are indirect, destructive, or lacking in cellular precision and temporal resolution. We developed SalicS1, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor specific to SA. SalicS1 enables real-time, reversible monitoring of SA levels in vivo with minimal perturbation of endogenous signaling. We reveal the propagation of an SA surge spreading from bacterial infection sites with spatiotemporal fidelity. SalicS1 unlocks precise understanding of SA dynamics underpinning crop resilience to pathogens.
Comparative analysis of human and mouse ovaries across age
Research Article | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Eliza A. Gaylord, Mariko H. Foecke, Ryan M. Samuel, Bikem Soygur, Angela M. Detweiler, Tara I. McIntyre, Leah C. Dorman, Michael Borja, Amy E. Laird, Ritwicq Arjyal, Juan Du, James M. Gardner, Norma Neff, Faranak Fattahi, Diana J. Laird
The mouse is a tractable model for human ovarian biology, however its utility is limited by incomplete understanding of how transcription and signaling differ interspecifically and with age. We compared ovaries between species using three-dimensional imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, and functional studies. In mice, we mapped declining follicle numbers and oocyte competence during aging; in human ovaries, we identified cortical follicle pockets and decreases in density. Oocytes had species-specific gene expression patterns during growth that converged toward maturity. Age-related transcriptional changes were greater in oocytes than granulosa cells across species, although mature oocytes change more in humans. We identified ovarian sympathetic nerves and glia; axon density increased in aged ovaries and, when ablated in mice, perturbed folliculogenesis. This comparative atlas defines shared and species-specific hallmarks of ovarian biology.
A human pan-disease blood atlas of the circulating proteome
Research Article | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
María Bueno Álvez, Sofia Bergström, Josefin Kenrick, Emil Johansson, Mikael Åberg, Murat Akyildiz, Ozlem Altay, Hilda Sköld, Konstantinos Antonopoulos, Emmanouil Apostolakis, Yasin Hasan Balcioglu, Anna Bergström, Göran Bergström, Sophia Björkander, Suzanne Egyhazi Brage, Petter Brodin, Lynn Butler, Sara Cajander, Hanna Danielsson, Murat Dayangac, Gizem Dinler-Doganay, Levent Doğanay, Gunilla Enblad, Malin Enblad, Linn Fagerberg, Sara Falck-Jones, Anna Färnert, Mattias Forsberg, Laura Gonzalez, Anders Gummesson, Karin Gunnarsson, Iva Gunnarsson, Ulf Gyllensten, Göran Hesselager, Andreas Hober, Martin Höglund, Marie Holmqvist, Begum Horuluoglu, Rebecka Hultgren, Maria Jesus Iglesias, Helena Janols, Fredric Johansson, Anette Johnsson, Lars Klareskog, David Kotol, Inger Kull, Marika Kvarnström, Maximilian Julius Lautenbach, Ulrika Liljedahl, Henrik Lindman, Cecilia Lindskog, Miklos Lipcsey, Ingrid E Lundberg, Adil Mardinoglu, Erik Melén, Lingqi Meng, Anne-Sophie Merritt, Jan Mulder, Mai Thi-Huyen Nguyen, Jessica Nordlund, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Antonella Notarnicola, Piotr Nowak, Jacob Odeberg, Per Oksvold, Tomas Olsson, Leonid Padyukov, Karlis Pauksens, Fredrik Piehl, Elisa Pin, Fredrik Pontén, Natallia Rameika, Anton Reepalu, Joy Roy, Jochen M. Schwenk, Meltem Sen, Antti Siika, Oscar E. Simonson, Åsa Sivertsson, Tobias Sjöblom, Evelina Sjöstedt, Lovisa Skoglund, Anna Smed-Sörensen, Klara Sondén, Anders Sönnerborg, Karin Stålberg, Kristoffer Strålin, Jonas Sundén-Cullberg, Christopher Sundling, Thanadol Sutantiwanichkul, Fernanda Costa Svedman, Mattias Svensson, Elisabet Svenungsson, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Khue Hua Tran-Minh, Hasan Türkez, Christian Unge, Per Venge, Marie Wahren-Herlenius, Jakob Woessmann, Hong Yang, Umit Haluk Yeşilkaya, Meng Yuan, Mujdat Zeybel, Cheng Zhang, Wen Zhong, Martin Zwahlen, Kalle von Feilitzen, Peter Nilsson, Fredrik Edfors, Mathias Uhlén
The human blood proteome provides a holistic readout of health states through the assessment of thousands of circulating proteins. Here, we present a pan-disease resource to enable the study of diverse disease phenotypes within a harmonized proteomics dataset. By profiling protein concentrations across 59 diseases and healthy cohorts, we identified proteins associated with age, sex, and BMI, as well as disease-specific signatures. This study highlights shared and distinct protein patterns across conditions, demonstrating the power of a unified proteomics approach to uncover biological insights. The dataset, covering 8,262 individuals and up to 5,416 proteins, serves as an online resource for exploring disease-specific protein profiles and advancing precision medicine research.
Total solar eclipse triggers dawn behavior in birds: Insights from acoustic recordings and community science
Research Article | Animal behavior | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Liz A. Aguilar, Isaac Miller-Crews, Jeremy M. Dobris, Jo Anne Tracy, Paul Macklin, Shantanu Dixit, Ryan A. Jacobson, Rachel L. Evans, Evan L. McGuire, Daniel P. Beverly, Dustin G. Reichard, Kimberly A. Rosvall
On 8 April 2024, a total solar eclipse disrupted light-dark cycles for North American birds during the lead-up to spring reproduction. Compiling more than 10,000 community observations and artificial intelligence analyses of nearly 100,000 vocalizations, we found that bird behavior was substantially affected by these few minutes of unexpected afternoon darkness. More than half of wild bird species changed their biological rhythms, with many producing a dawn chorus in the aftermath of the eclipse. This natural experiment underscores the power of light in structuring animal behavior: Even when “night” lasts for just 4 minutes, robust behavioral changes ensue.
Wavefront shaping enables high-power multimode fiber amplifier with output focus
Research Article | Optics | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Stefan Rothe, Chun-Wei Chen, Peyman Ahmadi, KyeoReh Lee, Kabish Wisal, Mert Ercan, Nathan Vigne, A. Douglas Stone, Hui Cao
High-power fiber lasers are powerful tools used in science, industry, and defense. A major roadblock for further power scaling of single-frequency fiber laser amplifiers is stimulated Brillouin scattering. Efforts have been made to mitigate this nonlinear process, but these were mostly limited to single-mode or few-mode fiber amplifiers, which have good beam quality. Here, we explored a highly multimode fiber amplifier in which stimulated Brillouin scattering was greatly suppressed due to a reduction of light intensity in a large fiber core and a broadening of the Brillouin scattering spectrum by multimode excitation. By applying a spatial wavefront shaping technique to the input light of a nonlinear amplifier, the output beam was focused to a diffraction-limited spot. Our multimode fiber amplifier can operate at high power with high efficiency and narrow linewidth, which ensures high coherence. Optical wavefront shaping enables coherent control of multimode laser amplification, with potential applications in coherent beam combining, large-scale interferometry and directed energy delivery.
Photo-induced nonvolatile rewritable ferroaxial switching
Research Article | Ferroic materials | 2025-10-09 03:00 EDT
Z. Zeng, M. Först, M. Fechner, D. Prabhakaran, P. G. Radaelli, A. Cavalleri
Ultrafast switching of ferroic phases is an active research area with technological potential. Yet, some key challenges remain, ranging from limited speeds in ferromagnets to intrinsic volatility of switched domains owing to depolarizing fields in ferroelectrics. Unlike these ferroic systems, ferroaxial materials host bistable states that preserve spatial-inversion and time-reversal symmetry and are therefore immune to depolarizing fields but also difficult to manipulate with conventional methods. We demonstrate photo-induced switching of ferroaxial order by engineering an effective axial field composed of circularly driven terahertz phonon modes. A switched ferroaxial domain remains stable for many hours and can be reversed back with a second terahertz pulse of opposite helicity. The effects demonstrated in this work may lead to the development of a robust platform for ultrafast information storage.
Physical Review Letters
Universality of Stationary Entanglement in an Optomechanical System Driven by Non-Markovian Noise and Squeezed Light
Article | Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Su Direkci, Klemens Winkler, Corentin Gut, Markus Aspelmeyer, and Yanbei Chen
Optomechanical systems subjected to environmental noise give rise to rich physical phenomena. We investigate entanglement between a mechanical oscillator and the reflected coherent optical field in a general, not necessarily Markovian environment. For the input optical field, we consider stationary …
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 153601 (2025)
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Disorder-Induced Strongly Correlated Photons in Waveguide QED
Article | Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Guoqing Tian, Li-Li Zheng, Zhi-Ming Zhan, Franco Nori, and Xin-You Lü
Strongly correlated photons play a crucial role in modern quantum technologies. Here, we investigate the probability of generating strongly correlated photons in a chain of qubits coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. We found that disorder in the transition frequencies can induce photon antibun…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 153604 (2025)
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Terahertz Surface Wave Compression for Low-Energy Electron Diffraction and Imaging
Article | Plasma and Solar Physics, Accelerators and Beams | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Dace Su, Jiaqi Zheng, Lingbin Zheng, Xie He, Jianwei Ying, Peng Yuan, Günther H. Kassier, Dongfang Zhang, and Liejia Qian
Low-energy electrons, with their large scattering cross sections and exceptional sensitivity to electric fields, have attracted considerable attention for probing ultrafast surface structural and electronic dynamics, particularly through techniques such as low-energy electron diffraction and imaging…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 155002 (2025)
Plasma and Solar Physics, Accelerators and Beams
Possible Observation of Quadrupole Waves in Spin Nematics
Article | Condensed Matter and Materials | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Jieming Sheng, Jiahang Hu, Lei Xu, Le Wang, Xiaojian Shi, Runze Chi, Dehong Yu, Andrey Podlesnyak, Pharit Piyawongwatthana, Naoki Murai, Seiko Ohira-Kawamura, Huiqiu Yuan, Ling Wang, Jia-Wei Mei, Hai-Jun Liao, Tao Xiang, Liusuo Wu, and Zhentao Wang
Discovery of new states of matter is a key objective in modern condensed matter physics, which often leads to revolutionary technological advancements such as superconductivity. Quantum spin nematic, a "hidden order" that evades conventional magnetic probes, is one such state. is a pot…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 156704 (2025)
Condensed Matter and Materials
Time is Length in Self-Similar Logarithmic Aging of Physically Cross-Linked Semiflexible Polymer Networks
Article | Polymers, Chemical Physics, Soft Matter, and Biological Physics | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Patrick Ilg, Clarisse Luap, and Martin Kröger
A single time-dependent length scale can define the internal clock of a crosslinked polymer network.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 158101 (2025)
Polymers, Chemical Physics, Soft Matter, and Biological Physics
Comment on “Shell-Shaped Quantum Droplet in a Three-Component Ultracold Bose Gas”
Article | | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Francesco Ancilotto
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 159301 (2025)
Erratum: Thermally Bianisotropic Metamaterials Induced by Spatial Asymmetry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 116303 (2025)]
Article | | 2025-10-09 06:00 EDT
Gal Shmuel and John R. Willis
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 159902 (2025)
Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Verification of Continuous-Variable Entanglement
Article | Quantum Information, Science, and Technology | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Xutong Wang, Jing Fu, and Jietai Jing
Quantum entanglement serves as an essential resource for quantum information technology. In many realistic quantum information tasks, it is necessary to reliably verify entanglement even when the measurement devices are unreliable. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate measurement-device-ind…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 150201 (2025)
Quantum Information, Science, and Technology
Role of Coherence for Quantum Computational Advantage
Article | Quantum Information, Science, and Technology | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Hugo Thomas, Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau, Rawad Mezher, Elham Kashefi, Harold Ollivier, and Ulysse Chabaud
Quantifying the resources available to a quantum computer appears to be necessary to separate quantum from classical computation. Among them, entanglement, nonstabilizerness, and coherence are arguably of great significance. We introduce "path coherence" as a measure of the coherent path interferenc…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 150602 (2025)
Quantum Information, Science, and Technology
Towards a Scalable Linear-Cavity Enhanced Warm-Vapor Photonic Quantum Memory
Article | Quantum Information, Science, and Technology | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Bharath Srivathsan, Rafal Gartman, Robert J. A. Francis-Jones, Peter J. Mosley, and Joshua Nunn
The coherent storage, buffering and retrieval of photons in a quantum memory enables the scalable creation of photonic entangled states via linear optics and repeat-until success, unlocking applications in quantum communications and photonic quantum computing. Quantum memories based on off-resonant …
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 150803 (2025)
Quantum Information, Science, and Technology
Dynamical Response of Viscous Objects to Gravitational Waves
Article | Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Valentin Boyanov, Vitor Cardoso, Kostas D. Kokkotas, and Jaime Redondo-Yuste
A neutron star's viscosity determines how the star interacts with gravitational waves, a behavior that could be useful to the study of neutron-star interiors.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151402 (2025)
Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation
Superradiant Axionic Black-Hole Clouds as Seeds for Graviton Squeezing
Article | Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Panagiotis Dorlis, N. E. Mavromatos, Sarben Sarkar, and Sotirios-Neilos Vlachos
It is shown that both standard general relativity (GR) and Chern-Simons (CS) gravity, the latter containing chiral gravitational anomaly terms, seed the production of pairs of entangled gravitons in a multi-mode squeezed state. This involves the interaction of gravitons with the axionic cloud surrou…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151501 (2025)
Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation
Supertranslations from Scattering Amplitudes
Article | Particles and Fields | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Asaad Elkhidir, Donal O’Connell, and Radu Roiban
On shell methods have found a new application to local observables such as asymptotic radiation fields and gravitational waveforms. While these observables are invariant under small gauge transformations, they are known to depend on a choice of asymptotic gauge; in gravity on asymptotically Minkowsk…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151601 (2025)
Particles and Fields
Krylov Spread Complexity as Holographic Complexity beyond Jackiw-Teitelboim Gravity
Article | Particles and Fields | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Michal P. Heller, Jacopo Papalini, and Tim Schuhmann
One of the important open problems in quantum black hole physics is a dual interpretation of holographic complexity proposals. To date the only quantitative match is the equality between the Krylov spread complexity in the triple-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model and the complexity volume propo…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151602 (2025)
Particles and Fields
First Measurement of the Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Pion Production Cross Section on Carbon with the T2K Near Detector
Article | Particles and Fields | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
K. Abe et al. (T2K Collaboration)
The T2K Collaboration presents the first measurement of electron neutrino-induced charged-current pion production on a predominantly carbon target in a restricted kinematical phase space. This is performed using data from the 2.5° off-axis near detector, ND280. The differential cross sections with r…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151802 (2025)
Particles and Fields
Single Inclusive ${π}^{±}$ and ${K}^{±}$ Production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ Annihilation at Center-of-Mass Energies from 2.000 to 3.671 GeV
Article | Particles and Fields | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration)
Using data samples with a total integrated luminosity of collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the differential cross sections of inclusive and production, as a function of the momentum and normalized by the total hadronic cross section, are measured at c…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151901 (2025)
Particles and Fields
New Measurements of the Deuteron-to-Proton ${F}_{2}$ Structure-Function Ratio
Article | Particles and Fields | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
D. Biswas et al. (Hall C Collaboration)
Nucleon structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have historically provided a critical observable in the study of partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, at very large parton momenta, it is both experimentally and theoretically challenging to extract parton distributions…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151902 (2025)
Particles and Fields
First $β$-Delayed Two-Neutron Spectroscopy of the $r$-Process Nucleus $^{134}\mathrm{In}$ and Observation of the ${i}_{13/2}$ Single-Particle Neutron State in $^{133}\mathrm{Sn}$
Article | Nuclear Physics | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
P. Dyszel et al. (IDS Collaboration)
This manuscript reports on the direct observation of a -delayed two-neutron emission in a study of at the ISOLDE Decay Station using neutron spectroscopy. We also report on the first measurement in decay of the long-sought excited state in , attributed to be the neutron single-p…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 152501 (2025)
Nuclear Physics
Ab Initio Study of the Radii of Oxygen Isotopes
Article | Nuclear Physics | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Zhengxue Ren, Serdar Elhatisari, and Ulf-G. Meißner
We present an ab initio study of the charge and matter radii of oxygen isotopes from to using nuclear lattice effective field theory (NLEFT) with high-fidelity chiral interactions. To efficiently address the Monte Carlo sign problem encountered in nuclear radius calculations, we introdu…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 152502 (2025)
Nuclear Physics
Precision Mass Measurements around $^{84}\mathrm{Mo}$ Rule Out ZrNb Cycle Formation in the Rapid Proton-Capture Process at Type I X-Ray Bursts
Article | Nuclear Physics | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
S. Kimura et al.
The rapid proton-capture process is one of the primary, explosive thermonuclear burning processes that drive type I x-ray bursts. A possible termination of the rapid proton-capture process at around was previously suggested by the formation of a ZrNb cycle. We report here precision mass measure…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 152701 (2025)
Nuclear Physics
Parity-Doubled Nucleons Can Rapidly Cool Neutron Stars
Article | Nuclear Physics | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Liam Brodie and Robert D. Pisarski
In confined hadronic matter, the spontaneous breaking and restoration of chiral symmetry can be described by considering nucleons, , and excited states of opposite parity, . In a cold, dense hadronic phase where chiral symmetry remains spontaneously broken, direct Urca decay processes…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 152702 (2025)
Nuclear Physics
Maximum Dissipation Reduction in Bulk Polymeric Turbulence
Article | Physics of Fluids, Earth & Planetary Science, and Climate | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Yi-Bao Zhang, Feng Wang, Sheng-Hong Peng, and Heng-Dong Xi
New experiments show that adding polymers to a fluid can reduce energy dissipation by suppressing small eddies.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 154001 (2025)
Physics of Fluids, Earth & Planetary Science, and Climate
Droplets Wicking in Thin Materials Exhibit Universal Drying Dynamics
Article | Physics of Fluids, Earth & Planetary Science, and Climate | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Garam Lee, Samira Shiri, and James C. Bird
When a drop contacts and absorbs in a thin porous surface, it can wick radially outward. This phenomenon is exploited in cooling textiles, but also complicates forensic stain analysis. The distance that the liquid spreads and the time it takes to evaporate are coupled, yet the consequence of this co…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 154002 (2025)
Physics of Fluids, Earth & Planetary Science, and Climate
Voltage-Tuned Anomalous-Metal to Metal Transition in Hybrid Josephson Junction Arrays
Article | Condensed Matter and Materials | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
S. Sasmal, M. Efthymiou-Tsironi, G. Nagda, E. Fugl, L. L. Olsen, F. Krizek, C. M. Marcus, and S. Vaitiekėnas
We report on voltage-tuned phase transitions in arrays of hybrid semiconductor-superconductor islands arranged in a square lattice. A double-layer electrostatic gate geometry enables independent tuning of interisland coupling and proximity-induced superconductivity. This design enables access to the…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 156301 (2025)
Condensed Matter and Materials
Quantum Response Theory and Momentum-Space Gravity
Article | Condensed Matter and Materials | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
M. Mehraeen
We present a quantum response approach to momentum-space gravity in dissipative multiband systems, which dresses both the quantum geometry--through an interband Weyl transformation--and the equations of motion. In addition to clarifying the roles of the contorsion and symplectic terms, we introduce th…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 156302 (2025)
Condensed Matter and Materials
Measuring Chemical Shifts with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
Article | Condensed Matter and Materials | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Yueyun Chen, Rebekah Jin, Yarin Heffes, Brian Zutter, Tristan P. O’Neill, Jared J. Lodico, B. C. Regan, and Matthew Mecklenburg
Electron microscopy uses energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for elemental analysis. EDS and EELS energy resolutions are commonly between 30 and 100 eV or 0.01 and 1 eV, respectively. Large solid angle EDS detector technology has increased collecti…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 157002 (2025)
Condensed Matter and Materials
Perturbed Nonlinear Evolution of Optical Soliton Gases: Growth and Decay in Integrable Turbulence
Article | Statistical Physics; Classical, Nonlinear, and Complex Systems | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Loic Fache, François Copie, Pierre Suret, and Stéphane Randoux
The spectral properties of a soliton gas subject to weak gain and linear damping undergo significant changes due to dissipation.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 157201 (2025)
Statistical Physics; Classical, Nonlinear, and Complex Systems
Bridging-Induced Phase Separation and Loop Extrusion Drive Noise in Chromatin Transcription
Article | Polymers, Chemical Physics, Soft Matter, and Biological Physics | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Michael Chiang, Cleis Battaglia, Giada Forte, Chris A. Brackley, Nick Gilbert, and Davide Marenduzzo
Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in transcription, or transcriptional noise, is important in cellular development and in disease. The molecular mechanisms driving it are, however, elusive and ill-understood. Here, we use computer simulations to explore the role of 3D chromatin structure in driving transcr…
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 158401 (2025)
Polymers, Chemical Physics, Soft Matter, and Biological Physics
Erratum: New Method for the Astrometric Direct Detection of Ultralight Dark Matter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 111003 (2025)]
Article | | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Jeff A. Dror and Sarunas Verner
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 159901 (2025)
Physical Review X
Beyond Homes Scaling: Disorder, the Planckian Bound, and a New Universality
Article | | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
D. M. Broun, Vivek Mishra, J. S. Dodge, and P. J. Hirschfeld
A newly uncovered fundamental form of universality classifies all superconductors into a unified framework by accounting for chemical impurities and inelastic scattering.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 041005 (2025)
Tensor Networks for Noninvertible Symmetries in $3+1\mathrm{D}$ and Beyond
Article | | 2025-10-08 06:00 EDT
Pranay Gorantla, Shu-Heng Shao, and Nathanan Tantivasadakarn
Relying on tensor networks and ZX-calculus, a visual framework for studying noninvertible symmetries in quantum systems reveals how these novel transformations constrain ground states and reshape our understanding of dualities.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 041006 (2025)
arXiv
Time-reversal positivity
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We propose a new analytical tool called time-reversal positivity. It is an analogue of the Majorana reflection positivity in time-reversal symmetric case. This new time-reversal positivity can fully explain the relationship between time-reversal symmetry and the sign-free property in quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Using a cone-theoretical method, we show the ground state uniqueness for the time-reversal symmetric non-hermitian Hubbard model.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
A Wigner Matrix Based Convolution Algorithm For Matrix Elements in the LCAO Method
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
The linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method uses a small basis set in exchange for expensive matrix element calculations. The most efficient approximation for the matrix element calculations is the two-center approximation (2CA) in tight binding (TB). In the 2CA, a variety of matrix elements are neglected with only “two-center integrals” (2CI) remaining. The 2CI are calculated efficiently by rotating to symmetrical coordinates where the integral is parameterized. This makes TB fast in exchange for diminished transferability. An ideal electronic structure method has both the efficiency of TB and the transferability of ab-initio methods. In this work, I expand the full crystal potential into multipoles where the resulting matrix elements are transformed into the form of 2CI between high angular momentum functions. The usual Slater-Koster formulae for TB are limited to $ l\leq3$ ; to enable efficient evaluation of the full crystal potential 2CI, I derive a Wigner matrix based convolution algorithm (WMCA) that works for arbitrary angular momentum. Given a suitable method for generating a local ab-initio Kohn-Sham potential, the algorithm for calculating matrix elements is applicable to fully ab-initio LCAO methods (this is the subject of forthcoming work). In this paper, I apply the WMCA to silicon using a model crystal potential.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Superconductivity of Incoherent Electrons near the Relativistic Mott Transition in Twisted Dirac Materials
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Veronika C. Stangier, Mathias S. Scheurer, Daniel E. Sheehy, Jörg Schmalian
We demonstrate that superconductivity driven by strong quantum-critical fluctuations can emerge near relativistic Mott transitions in twisted two-dimensional materials, taking on a remarkably rich character. In twisted double-bilayer WSe$ _2$ , all time-reversal-even, gap-opening collective modes promote pairing, whereas time-reversal-odd modes do not. In a Dirac model of twisted bilayer graphene, the Gross-Neveu transition into inter-valley-coherent insulators gives rise to a spectrum of degenerate and nearly degenerate superconducting states. More generally, we show that the richer the Dirac structure, the more readily pairs can form. A crucial ingredient of the theory is that critical fluctuations render the electronic states strongly incoherent, allowing attractive pairing channels to overcome the bare Dirac semi-metal behavior. Finally, we demonstrate a direct relation between boson-mediated pairing and the formation of charge-carrying skyrmionic excitations in the proximate insulating state.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
8 pages, 2 figures
Beyond the non-Hermitian skin effect: scaling-controlled topology from Exceptional-Bound Bands
New Submission | Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We establish a novel mechanism for topological transitions in non-Hermitian systems that are controlled by the system size. Based on a new paradigm known as exceptional-bound (EB) band engineering, its mechanism hinges on the unique critical scaling behavior near an exceptional point, totally unrelated to the well-known non-Hermitian skin effect. Through a series of ansatz models, we analytically derive and numerically demonstrate how topological transitions depend on the system size with increasingly sophisticated topological phase boundaries. Our approach can be generically applied to design scaling-dependent bands in multi-dimensional lattices, gapped or gapless, challenging established critical and entanglement behavior. It can be experimentally demonstrated in any non-Hermitian platform with versatile couplings or multi-orbital unit cells, such as photonic crystals, as well as classical and quantum circuits. The identification of this new EB band mechanism provides new design principles for engineering band structures through scaling-dependent phenomena unique to non-Hermitian systems.
Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
any comments are welcome
Predicting the future with magnons
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Zeling Xiong, Christopher Heins, Thibaut Devolder, Fabian Kammerbauer, Mathias Kläui, Jürgen Fassbender, Helmut Schultheiss, Katrin Schultheiss
Forecasting complex, chaotic signals is a central challenge across science and technology, with implications ranging from secure communications to climate modeling. Here we demonstrate that magnons - the collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials - can serve as an efficient physical reservoir for predicting such dynamics. Using a magnetic microdisk in the vortex state as a magnon-scattering reservoir, we show that intrinsic nonlinear interactions transform a simple microwave input into a high-dimensional spectral output suitable for reservoir computing, in particular, for time series predictions. Trained on the Mackey-Glass benchmark, which generates a cyclic yet aperiodic time series widely used to test machine-learning models, the system achieves accurate and reliable predictions that rival state-of-the-art physical reservoirs. We further identify key design principles: spectral resolution governs the trade-off between dimensionality and accuracy, while combining multiple device geometries systematically improves performance. These results establish magnonics as a promising platform for unconventional computing, offering a path toward scalable and CMOS-compatible hardware for real-time prediction tasks.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Phase segregation of liquid-vapor systems with a gravitational field
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Phase separation in the presence of external forces has attracted
considerable attention since the initial works for solid mixtures.
Despite this, only very few studies are available which address
the segregation process of liquid-vapor systems under gravity.
We present here an extensive study which takes into account both
hydrodynamic and gravitational effects on the coarsening dynamics.
An isothermal formulation of a lattice Boltzmann model for a liquid-vapor
system with the van der Waals equation of state is adopted.
In the absence of gravity, the growth of domains follows a power law
with the exponent $ 2/3$ of the inertial regime.
The external force deeply affects the observed morphology
accelerating the coarsening of domains and favoring the liquid accumulation
at the bottom of the system. Along the force direction,
the growth exponent is found to increase with the gravity strength
still preserving sharp interfaces since the Porod’s law is found to be
verified.
The time evolution of the average thickness $ L$
of the layers of accumulated material at confining walls
shows a transition from an initial regime where $ L \simeq t^{2/3}$
($ t$ : time) to a late-time regime $ L \simeq g t^{5/3}$ with $ g$ the
gravitational acceleration.
The final steady state, made of two overlapped layers of liquid and
vapor, shows a density profile in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
Enhancing Direct Air Capture through Potassium Carbonate Doping of Activated Carbons
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
N. van Dongen, A. J. F. van Hoof, S. Calero, J. M. Vicent-Luna
Direct air capture of carbon dioxide (CO$ _2$ ) is one of the most promising strategies to mitigate rising atmospheric CO$ _2$ levels. Among various techniques, adsorption using porous materials is a viable method for extracting CO$ _2$ from air, even under humid conditions. However, identifying optimal adsorbent materials remains a significant challenge. Moreover, the performance of existing materials can be improved by doping with active species that boost gas capture, a relatively unexplored field. In this study, we perform atomistic simulations to investigate the adsorption, structural, and energetic properties of CO$ _2$ and water in realistic models of activated carbons. We first analyze the impact of explicitly considering surfaces containing functional groups, which aims to imitate the chemical environment of experimental samples. Additionally, we introduce potassium carbonate within the pores of the adsorbent to evaluate its effect on CO$ _2$ and water adsorption. Our results demonstrate that both functional groups and potassium carbonate enhance adsorption, primarily by shifting the adsorption onset pressures to lower values. Specifically, potassium carbonate clusters act as extra adsorption sites for CO$ _2$ and water, facilitating the nucleation of water molecules and promoting the formation of a hydrogen bond network within the activated carbon pores.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Multihyperuniform Particle Composites Inspired by Avian Photoreceptor Patterns for Optical Applications
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
David Keeney, Wenlong Shi, Rohit Thomas, Yang Jiao
Hyperuniform materials, characterized by anomalously suppressed long-wavelength density fluctuations, exhibit unique optical and photonic properties distinct from both crystalline and random media. While most prior studies have focused on single-species systems, we investigate the broader class of \textit{multihyperuniform} systems inspired by biological photoreceptor mosaics. Using particle-based models with varying species number, size ratios, and interaction competition, we demonstrate that multispecies mixtures can achieve robust and stealthy hyperuniform configurations, even in highly disordered states. We further show how these configurations can be mapped to multifunctional composites with tailored optical responses, including isotropic structural coloration, enhanced absorption, and engineered dielectric properties that facilitate transmission while suppressing scattering. Our results highlight multihyperuniformity as a generalizable design principle for multifunctional disordered photonic materials, opening avenues for robust, tunable, and scalable optical applications.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Emergence of multiple relaxation processes during low to high density transition in Au49Cu26.9Si16.3Ag5.5Pd2.3 metallic glass
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Alberto Ronca, Antoine Cornet, Jie Shen, Thierry Deschamps, Eloi Pineda, Yuriy Chushkin, Federico Zontone, Mohamed Mezouar, Isabella Gallino, Gaston Garbarino, Beatrice Ruta
The existence of multiple amorphous states, or polyamorphism, remains one of the most debated phenomena in disordered matter, particularly regarding its microscopic origin and impact on glassy dynamics. Profiting of the enhanced data quality provided by brilliant synchrotrons, we combined high pressure X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to investigate the atomic dynamics-structure relationship in a Au49Cu26.9Si16.3Ag5.5Pd2.3 metallic glass at room temperature. We identify a structural and dynamical crossover near 3 GPa, marked by avalanches-like massive atomic rearrangements that promote the system toward increasingly compact atomic cluster connections. This crossover superimposes to a pressure-induced acceleration of the atomic motion recently reported, and signals the onset of a transitional state, potentially linked to the nucleation of a new phase within the glass, characterized by the coexistence of two amorphous states with distinct relaxation processes. These results provide evidence for a sluggish, continuous polyamorphic transformation, even in absence of marked structural discontinuities.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Fully Parallel Multi-Agent Photonic Optimizer
New Submission | Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Ghazi Sarwat Syed, Philipp Schmidt, Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Jelle Dijkstra, Wolfram H.P Pernice, Abu Sebastian
Optimization problems are central to many important cross-disciplinary this http URL their conventional implementations, the sequential nature of operations imposes strict limitations on the computational efficiency. Here, we discuss how analog optical computing can overcome this fundamental bottleneck. We propose a photonic optimizer unit, together with supporting algorithms that uses in memory computation within a nature inspired, multi agent cooperative framework. The system performs a sequence of reconfigurable parallel matrix vector operations, enabled by the high bandwidth and multiplexing capabilities inherent to photonic circuits. This approach provides a pathway toward fast paced and high quality solutions for difficult optimization and search problems.
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
Hund’s coupling assisted orbital-selective superconductivity in Ba1-xKxFe2As2
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Elena Corbae, Rong Zhang, Cong Li, Kunihiro Kihou, Chul-Ho Lee, Makoto Hashimoto, Thomas Devereaux, Oscar Tjernberg, Egor Babaev, Dung-Hai Lee, Vadim Grinenko, Donghui Lu, Zhi-Xun Shen
While the superconducting transition temperature of hole-doped Ba_{1-x}K_{x}Fe_{2}As_{2} decreases past optimal doping, superconductivity does not completely disappear even for the fully doped KFe_{2}As_{2} compound. In fact, superconductivity is robust through a Lifshitz transition where electron bands become hole-like around the zone corner at around x=0.7, thus challenging the conventional understanding of superconductivity in iron-based systems. High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to investigate the superconducting gap structure, as well as the normal state electronic structure, around optimal doping and across the Lifshitz transition. Our findings reveal a largely orbital-dependent superconducting gap structure, where the more strongly correlated d_{xy} band has a vanishing superconducting gap at higher doping, aligning with the Hund’s metal behavior observed in the normal state. Notably, the superconducting gap on the d_{xy} band disappears before the Lifshitz transition, suggesting that the Fermi surface topology may play a secondary role. We discuss how these results point to orbital-selective superconducting pairing and how strong correlations via Hund’s coupling may shape superconducting gap structures in iron-based and other multiorbital superconductors.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Many-Body Effects in a Molecular Quantum NAND Tree
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Molecules provide the smallest possible circuits in which quantum interference and electron correlation can be engineered to perform logical operations, including the universal NAND gate. We investigate a chemically encoded quantum NAND tree based on alkynyl-extended iso-polyacetylene backbones, where inputs are set by end-group substitution and outputs are read from the presence or absence of transmission nodes. Using quantum many-body transport theory, we show that NAND behavior persists in the presence of dynamic correlations, but that the nodal positions and their chemical shifts depend sensitively on electron-electron interactions. This sensitivity highlights the potential of these systems not only to probe the strength of electronic correlations but also to harness them in shaping logical response. The thermopower is identified as a chemically robust readout of gate logic, providing discrimination margins that greatly exceed typical experimental uncertainties, in an observable governed primarily by the variation of transport rather than its absolute magnitude.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
15 pages, 4 figures
Phonon Hall Viscosity and the Intrinsic Thermal Hall Effect of $α$-RuCl$_3$
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Avi Shragai, Ezekiel Horsley, Subin Kim, Young-June Kim, B.J. Ramshaw
The thermal Hall effect has been observed in a wide variety of magnetic insulators, yet its origin remains controversial. While some studies attribute it to intrinsic origins – such as heat carriers with Berry curvature – others propose extrinsic origins – such as heat carriers scattering off crystal defects. Even the nature of the heat carriers is unknown: magnons, phonons, and fractionalized spin excitations have all been proposed. These questions are significant for the study of quantum spin liquids and are particularly relevant for $ \alpha$ -RuCl$ _3$ , where a quantized thermal Hall effect has been attributed to Majorana edge modes. Here, we use ultrasonic measurements of the acoustic Faraday effect to demonstrate that the phonons in $ \alpha$ -RuCl$ _3$ have Hall viscosity – a non-dissipative viscosity that rotates phonon polarizations and deflects phonon heat currents. We show that phonon Hall viscosity produces an intrinsic thermal Hall effect that quantitatively accounts for a significant fraction of the measured thermal Hall effect in $ \alpha$ -RuCl$ _3$ . More broadly, we demonstrate that the acoustic Faraday effect is a powerful tool for detecting phonon Hall viscosity and the associated phonon Berry curvature, offering a new way to uncover and study exotic states of matter that elude conventional experiments.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrasonically Atomized Al-Based Alloy Powders for Tunable Thermal Reactivity
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Chetan Singh, Ava Goglia, Peter Mastracco, Michael Flickinger, Laszlo J. Kecskes, Paulette Clancy, Timothy P. Weihs
Reactive aluminum (Al) alloy powders are promising for advanced manufacturing, joining, and energetic applications, yet scalable routes that couple controlled reactivity with safe handling remain limited. While nanoscale Al powders ignite readily, their agglomeration, handling, and safety limit broad deployment. Here, we manufacture micron-sized Al-based powders produced by ultrasonic atomization (UA), targeting a balance of enhanced reactivity and process robustness. Binary systems (AlCu, AlSi, AlMg) and pure Al were synthesized, and their morphology, phases present, thermal stability, and oxidation behavior were characterized using XRD, SEM, and DTA/TGA in an Ar/O2 environment. We show that alloy selection and UA-controlled microstructure can modify the native Al2O3 passivation, alter oxidation pathways, and shift thermal onsets/exotherms. The results establish a manufacturing-forward framework for designing micron-sized powders with tunable ignition/oxidation behavior.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Kekulé Superconductivity in Twisted Magic Angle Bilayer Graphene
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Motivated by recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments which report Kekulé ordering in the twisted graphene family, we develop a microscopic theory of superconductivity, specifically for the bi-layer case. This involves an intra-valley, finite-momentum pair-density wave (PDW) which naturally incorporates a Kekulé distortion into the superconducting phase. The PDW state displays three central features: (i) it spontaneously breaks $ C_3$ rotational symmetry, producing nematic order, and (ii) it possesses a large gap-to-critical-temperature ratio. Moreover, (iii) it yields a quasi-particle density of states having a V-like shape (with a finite value at zero energy) which transitions to a fully gapped, U-shaped spectrum with increasing attraction. These characteristics, including consistency with an allowed Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, align with key experimental signatures in the twisted graphene family where the U-V transition is observed in the tri-layer case. We find the paired state with a modest interaction strength is near to a BEC-like regime, as appears consistent with the observed extremely short coherence lengths. Together, these results establish a microscopic intra-valley Kekulé PDW state as an essential ingredient towards understanding unconventional superconductivity in twisted graphene.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
12 Pages, 8 Figures
Mechanistic insights into hydrogen reduction of multicomponent oxides via in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Shiv Shankar, Barak Ratzker, Claudio Pistidda, Dierk Raabe, Yan Ma
Co-reduction of multicomponent oxides with hydrogen provides a carbon-neutral approach toward sustainable alloy design. Herein, we investigate the hydrogen-based direct reduction, using in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction of two precursor variants: mechanically mixed powders and pre-sintered oxide mixtures, targeting an equiatomic CoFeMnNi alloy. We find distinct reduction pathways and microstructure evolution depending on initial precursors. Mixed powders at 700 °C are reduced to body-centered-cubic, face-centered-cubic, and MnO phases via halite, spinel, and Mn3O4 intermediates, whereas the pre-sintered material directly transforms into a mixture of metallic and oxide phases. The post-reduction microstructures are also different: mixed oxides show loosely packed morphology, whereas pre-sintered material reveals metallic nanoparticles supported on nanoporous MnO. The formation of nanoporous metallic networks is strongly governed by the precursor state, highlighting the role of initial precursors on the final microstructure. This precursor design strategy offers a single-step route to nanoporous alloys with potential applications in catalysis and energy technologies.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Local Order Average-Atom Interatomic Potentials
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Chloe A. Zeller, Ronald E. Miller, Ellad B. Tadmor
An extension to the effective average-atom (AA) interatomic potential (IP) that accounts for local ordering effects is derived. While the AA approach is only valid for random alloys, the new local-order average-atom (LOAA) IP accounts for short-range order within a material by utilizing information from partial radial distribution functions. Simulations with a LOAA potential require smaller system sizes to achieve statistically converged results and therefore can be used to model complex materials where short-range order effects are important, such as high-entropy alloys, at a fraction of the computational cost of standard IPs. The method is validated for a two-dimensional (2D) binary hexagonal crystal with Lennard-Jones (LJ) interactions, and for three-dimensional (3D) Fe$ _{(1-x)/2}$ Ni$ _{(1-x)/2}$ Cr$ _x$ and Ni$ _{0.67}$ Al$ _{0.33}$ alloys modeled via embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials. For the 2D crystal we obtain a local ordering phase diagram in terms of the LJ parameters and demonstrate that in all cases the LOAA formulation obtains elastic properties that match the true-species case using standard IPs. The 3D alloy examples further demonstrate the ability of this method to accurately capture other material properties and phase transformations.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
Tunable magnon-phonon cavity via structural phase transition
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Chunli Tang, Yujie Zhu, Dayne Sasaki, Jiaxuan Wu, Harshil Goyal, Yuzan Xiong, Masoud Mahjouri-Samani, Xiang Meng, Jia-Mian Hu, Yayoi Takamura, Wei Zhang, Wencan Jin
Strong coupling between two quantized excitations in a cavity has the potential to lead to hybridized states that bestow novel quantum phenomena as required for emerging applications. In particular, tunable hybrid magnon-phonon cavities with precise control knobs are in pressing demand for developing quantum functionalities in solid-state platforms. Here, using a combination of synthesis and characterization tools, we present an epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 (LSMO/STO) heterostructure that manifests strong couplings between the Kittel magnon and the transverse acoustic phonon. Remarkably, leveraging the magnetoelastic interaction at the epitaxial interface, we demonstrate that when the STO substrate undergoes a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition at ~105 K, the Kittel magnon of the LSMO thin film splits into three bands due to anisotropic structural strains along the [100], [010], and [001] crystalline axes, hence, resulting in an array of non-degenerate, hybridized magnon-phonon modes. Moreover, we develop an analytical model that can reproduce the interfacial strain-induced magnon splitting and the strength of magnon-phonon coupling. Our work highlights structural phase transitions as a sensitive trigger for generating multistate magnon-phonon hybridization in high-quality magnetoelastic oxide heterostructures - a new route for implementing strain-mediated hybrid magnonics in phononic systems with potential applications in coherent energy and signal transduction.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
High temperature Neel skyrmions in simple ferromagnets
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Peng Wang, Rana Saha, Holger L. Meyerheim, Ke Gu, Hakan Deniz, David Eilmsteiner, Andrea Migliorini, Juan Rubio Zuazo, Engenia Sebastiani-Tofano, Ilya Kostanovski, Abhay Kant Srivastava, Arthur Ernst, Stuart S. P. Parkin
A wide variety of chiral non-collinear spin textures have been discovered and have unique properties that make them highly interesting for technological applications. However, many of these are found in complex materials and only in a narrow window of temperature. Here, we show the formation of Neel-type skyrmions in thin layers of simple ferromagnetic alloys, namely Co-Al and Co-Ni-Al, over a wide range of temperature up to 770 K, by imposing a vertical strain gradient via epitaxy with an Ir-Al underlayer. The Neel skyrmions are directly observed using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in freestanding membranes at high temperatures and the strain gradient is directly measured from x-ray diffraction anomalous peak profiles. Our concept allows simple centrosymmetric ferromagnets with high magnetic ordering temperatures to exhibit hot skyrmions, thereby, bringing closer skyrmionic electronics.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Main manuscript 21 pages, 5 figures, this is initial submission version, revised version is under review. This work is an extension from Peng Wang’s PhD thesis
Probing the elusive equilibrium crystal/liquid coexistence state in monodisperse hard-sphere colloids simulations
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
J. Galen Wang, Umesh Dhumal, Monica E. A. Zakhari, Roseanna N. Zia
Entropically driven phase transitions in atomic and colloidal systems of monodisperse, purely repulsive hard spheres (MPRHS) are long-established in terms of distinct phases and phase envelopes via theory, simulations, and experiments. Frenkel proposed a mechanistic model for entropic phase separation in MPRHS, which lack obvious sources of competing entropy. He proposed that loss of long-range (configurational) entropy is offset by gain of short-range (vibrational) entropy - but its metastability would require hundreds of millions of years to phase separate. True to Frenkel’s prediction, despite copious reports of liquid and solid lines, theoretical deduction of coexistence lines, and experimentally observed phase separation, decades of simulations built to match MPRHS atomic theory show no observation of explicit, spontaneously-formed liquid and crystal domains - transient mixtures have been observed but are subsequently overtaken by a single phase. To observe finite-time phase separation, we simulated weak perturbations of metastability in a large simulation of MPRHS: crystal seeding (2-4%) and hardness perturbations that augment short-range arrangements. Our simulations produced explicit phase separation and, as hardness was systematically increased toward the hard-sphere limit, recovered phase and coexistence lines close to atomic theory. To more closely mimic Frenkel’s mechanistic model, we tested hardness perturbations alone. Samples with no crystal seeding and tiny hardness perturbation spontaneously phase separated in a narrower range of volume fractions. The near-pristine conditions emphasize MPRHS coexistence region metastability, and perturbations to short-range entropy via finite hardness provide satisfying access to the long range / short range entropy exchange competition underlying MPRHS phase separation.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Application of deep neural networks for computing the renormalization group flow of the two-dimensional phi^4 field theory
New Submission | Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Yueqi Zhao, Michael M. Fogler, Yi-Zhuang You
We introduce RGFlow, a deep neural network-based real-space renormalization group (RG) framework tailored for continuum scalar field theories. Leveraging generative capabilities of flow-based neural networks, RGFlow autonomously learns real-space RG transformations from data without prior knowledge of the underlying model. In contrast to conventional approaches, RGFlow is bijective (information-preserving) and is optimized based on the principle of minimal mutual information. We demonstrate the method on two examples. The first one is a one-dimensional Gaussian model, where RGFlow is shown to learn the classical decimation rule. The second is the two-dimensional phi^4 theory, where the network successfully identifies a Wilson-Fisher-like critical point and provides an estimate of the correlation-length critical exponent.
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
13 pages, 5 figures
Real-Space Quantification of Exciton Localization in Acene Crystals Using Wannier Function Decomposition
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Zui Tao, Jonah B. Haber, Jeffrey B. Neaton
We introduce the Wannier function decomposition of excitons (WFDX) method to quantify exciton localization in solids within the ab initio Bethe-Salpeter equation framework. By decomposing each Bloch exciton wavefunction into products of single-particle electron and hole maximally localized Wannier functions, this real-space approach provides well-defined orbital- and spatial- resolved measures of both Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons at low computational cost. We apply WFDX to excitons in acene crystals, quantifying how the number of rings, the exciton spin state, and the center-of-mass momntum affect spatial localization. Additionally, we show how this real-space representation reflects structural nonsymmorphic symmetries that are hidden in standard reciprocal-space descriptions. We demonstrate how the WFDX framework can be used to efficiently interpolate exciton expansion coefficients in reciprocal-space and outline how it may facilitate evaluation of observables involving position operators, highlighting its potential as a general tool for both analyzing and computing excitonic properties in solids.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
Twisted locality-preserving automorphisms, anomaly index, and generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems with anti-unitary symmetries
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Ruizhi Liu, Jinmin Yi, Liujun Zou
Symmetries and their anomalies are powerful tools to understand quantum matter. In this work, for quantum spin chains, we define twisted locality-preserving automorphisms and their Gross-Nesme-Vogts-Werner indices, which provide a unified framework to describe both unitary and anti-unitary symmetries, on-site and non-on-site symmetries, and internal and translation symmetries. For a symmetry $ G$ with actions given by twisted locality-preserving automorphisms, we give a microscopic definition of its anomaly index, which is an element in $ H^3_\varphi(G; U(1))$ , where the subscript $ \varphi$ means that anti-unitary elements of $ G$ act on $ U(1)$ by complex conjugation. We show that an anomalous symmetry leads to multiple Lieb-Schultz-Matttis-type theorems. In particular, any state with an anomalous symmetry must either have long-range correlation or violate the entanglement area law. Based on this theorem, we further deduce that any state with an anomalous symmetry must have long-range entanglement, and any Hamiltonian that has an anomalous symmetry cannot have a unique gapped symmetric ground state, as long as the interactions in the Hamiltonian decay fast enough as the range of the interaction increases. For Hamiltonians with only two-spin interactions, the last theorem holds if the interactions decay faster than $ 1/r^2$ , where $ r$ is the distance between the two interacting spins. We demonstrate these general theorems in various concrete examples.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
24 pages + appendices + references
Recurrence in a periodically driven and weakly damped Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chain
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We report numerical evidence of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT)-like recurrence in weakly damped, periodically driven alpha-FPUT chains. In narrow regions of driving amplitude and damping, energy is quasi-periodically exchanged among a few low-frequency modes over long timescales. Unlike discrete time crystals, the recurrence period is not an integer multiple of the driving period and does not correspond to spontaneous symmetry breaking, yet it may suggests a generalized, relaxed form of time-crystalline-like order. The maximum damping allowing recurrence decreases rapidly with chain length, suggesting that in the thermodynamic limit such behavior is unlikely to persist. These results reveal a new type of coherent nonlinear dynamics in driven, open multimode systems and provide guidance for experimentally realizing long-lived quasi-periodic states.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
16 pages, 7 figures, submitted to a peer-reviewed journal
Topological Hall Effect in PrSb$_2$
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Shingo Araki, Hinata Izumida, Kazuto Akiba, Tatsuo C. Kobayashi, Takashi Kambe
PrSb$ 2$ exhibits a charge-density wave (CDW) transition at $ T\mathrm{CDW} = 100$ K and antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at $ T_\mathrm{N} = 5$ K at ambient pressure. Hall resistivity measurements revealed an anomalous feature within the AFM state, which was attributed to the topological Hall effect (THE), ruling out contributions from the ordinary and anomalous Hall effects. Significantly, the THE anomaly diminished with increasing pressure and almost vanished as the CDW transition was suppressed near the critical pressure $ P_c$ = 1.0 GPa. These findings suggest a relationship between the CDW order and the appearance of the THE in PrSb$ _2$ .
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 94, 113703 (2025)
Nonlinear Optical Response in Pseudo-Hermitian Systems at Steady State
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We establish a steady-state theory for nonlinear optical conductivity in pseudo-Hermitian systems. We derive compact formulas for the first and second order conductivity tensors in both the velocity and length gauges and prove their exact equivalence through generalized sum rules and Berry connection identities by formulating the nonlinear response in terms of a biorthogonal density matrix. Utilizing the formalism on parity-time symmetric two-level systems reveals nonlinear phenomena that are not present in Hermitian systems, such as extra terms in the conductivity, corrections to the velocity operator, photocurrent, and resonance structures with higher-order poles at one-photon transitions. These features yield qualitatively distinct harmonic generation responses like real second-order conductivities and nonzero DC limits. These results provide new insights into nonlinear light-matter interactions in active media characterized by balanced gain and loss, with implications for non-Hermitian photonics, dissipative topological systems, and quantum devices designed with engineered dissipation.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Optics (physics.optics)
(5+6) Pages, (1+1) Figures
Interband optical conductivity in two-dimensional semi-Dirac bands tilting along the quadratic dispersion
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Xin Chen, Jian-Tong Hou, Long Liang, Jie Lu, Hong Guo, Chang-Xu Yan, Hao-Ran Chang
Two-dimensional (2D) semi-Dirac materials feature a unique anisotropic band structure characterized by quadratic dispersion along one spatial direction and linear dispersion along the other, effectively hybridizing ordinary and Dirac fermions. The anisotropy of energy dispersion can be further modulated through band tilting along either spatial direction of the wave vector. We propose a new definition of tilt parameter to characterize Lifshitz phases in 2D semi-Dirac bands tilting along the quadratically dispersing direction. Using linear response theory, we theoretically investigate the interband optical conductivity of 2D tilted semi-Dirac bands. Our analytical zero-temperature results reveal pronounced distinctions from Dirac and semi-Dirac systems tilting along the linearly dispersing direction. Notably, we find that spectral fixed point emerges in the optical conductivity over a specific range of the tilt parameter, a phenomenon explained by the corresponding behavior of the joint density of states. These findings provide a robust theoretical framework for identifying and characterizing 2D tilted semi-Dirac materials and establish clear spectral fingerprints that distinguish different kinds of 2D semi-Dirac bands and Dirac bands. Our predictions can guide future experimental studies of anisotropic band engineering and tilt-dependent phenomena.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
15 pages, 5 figures
Intrinsic ultrafast edge photocurrent dynamics in WTe$_2$ driven by broken crystal symmetry
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Subhashri Chatterjee, Katsumasa Yoshioka, Taro Wakamura, Vasili Perebeinos, Norio Kumada
Directional photocurrents in two-dimensional materials arise from broken crystal symmetry, offering pathways to high-speed, bias-free photodetection beyond conventional devices. Tungsten ditelluride (WTe$ _2$ ), a type-II Weyl semimetal, exhibits robust symmetry-breaking-induced edge photocurrents from competing nonlinear optical and photothermoelectric (PTE) mechanisms, whose intrinsic dynamics have remained experimentally inaccessible. Here, we directly resolve sub-picosecond edge photocurrent dynamics in WTe$ _2$ through ohmic contacts over temperatures from 300 K to 4 K. We demonstrate ultrafast optical-to-electrical conversion with a 3 dB bandwidth of $ \sim$ 250 GHz and reveal picosecond-timescale switching of the net photocurrent direction below 150 K, linked to a Lifshitz transition. This transient bipolar response arises from non-equilibrium Seebeck effects due to asymmetric cooling of hot electrons and holes. These findings reveal previously hidden ultrafast dynamics in symmetry-engineered materials, offering new strategies to disentangle competing photocurrent mechanisms and enabling the development of self-powered, ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Optics (physics.optics)
29 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary information
Phase relation investigation of U-La-O system under oxidizing conditions and observation of novel meta-stable and mixed-valent uranium phase- Ln3U11O36 (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, Gd)
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Shafeeq Muhammed, Geeta Patkare, Rohan Phatak
Total of twelve samples in the U-La-O system with the compositions U1-yLayO2+x (y=0.025, 0.05, 0.1, up to 0.3) were synthesized by gel combustion synthesis method followed by appropriate heat treatment in air atmosphere. Comprehensive experimental analysis using various techniques like X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and oxygen to uranium ratio (O/U) are used to establish the phase relation in U1-yLayO2+x system at 1173 K and 1523 K heated in air. A novel meta-stable phase with stoichiometry La3U11O36 having mixed-valent uranium is reported for the first time in U-La-O system. The thermal property of this new phase is reported along with the updated phase relations at and above 1173 K temperature for the compositions U1-yLayO2+x (y < 0.3). Further, formation and stability of this new Ln3U11O36 phase was also investigated with smaller cations like Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+ and the smallest Y3+ cation.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Anomalous Criticality of Absorbing State Transition toward Jamming
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
He-Da Wang, Bo Wang, Qun-Li Lei, Yu-Qiang Ma
The jamming transition is traditionally regarded as a geometric transition governed by static contact networks. Recently, dynamic phase transitions of athermal particles under periodic shear provide a new lens on this problem, leading to a conjecture that jamming transition corresponds to an absorbing-state transition within the Manna (conserved directed percolation) universality class. Here, by re-examing the biased random organization model, a minimal model for particles under periodic shearing that the conjecture bases on, we uncover several criticality anomalies at high density beyond the description of Manna universality class. In three-dimensional monodisperse systems, crystallization disrupts the absorbing transition, while in dense binary mixtures, a distinct transition from absorbing to active-glass states emerges, signifying a new universality class of dynamic phase transitions. Closer to jamming point, the quenched heterogeneity in the contact network smears the dynamic transition via Griffiths effects and drives the system toward heterogeneous directed percolation. We further proposal a field theory with fractional time dynamics that unifies these phenomena, establishing a theoretical framework linking jamming, disorder, and dynamic criticality.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
8 pages, 4 figures
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum transition in 2 dimensions
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
M. C. Diamantini, C. A. Trugenberger, V. M. Vinokur
The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition is the prototype of a phase transition driven by the formation and interaction of topological defects in two-dimensional (2D) systems. In typical models these are vortices: above a transition temperature $ T_{\rm BKT}$ vortices are free, below this transition temperature they get confined. In this work we extend the concept of BKT transition to quantum systems in two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate that a zero-temperature quantum BKT phase transition, driven by a coupling constant can occur in 2D models governed by an effective gauge field theory with a diverging dielectric constant. One particular example is that of a compact U(1) gauge theory with a diverging dielectric constant, where the quantum BKT transition is induced by non-relativistic, purely 2D magnetic monopoles, which can be viewed also as electric vortices. These quantum BKT transitions have the same diverging exponent $ z$ as the quantum Griffiths transition but have nothing to do with disorder.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Quasiparticle Description of Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy for SrCuO2
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Dimitar Pashov, Casey Eichstaedt, Swagata Acharya, Mark van Schilfgaarde
SrCuO2 has long been considered a near-archetypal realization of a quasi one dimensional (1D) system of interacting electrons with short-range interactions. Within this framework, experimental observations - interpreted through the lens of the 1D Hubbard model-suggest that electron and hole excitations decay into two types of (unphysical) collective bosonic modes: spinons, which carry the spin degree of freedom, and holons, which carry the charge degree of freedom. This model, known as spin-charge separation, is most directly evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), where a photo-induced hole decays into a continuum of these excitations. Here we present an alternative perspective grounded in first-principles, self-consistent, and parameter-free many-body perturbation theory. In this revised quasiparticle framework, ARPES can be understood as a one-body effect arising from mild disorder in a long-range antiferromagnetic ground state. the emergence of the so-called spinon branch arises naturally from spin disorder, the anomalous line widths are accurately captured, and we provide a compelling explanation for the spectral weight observed at the non-magnetic zone boundary. This reinterpretation provides a unified explanation for key experimental signatures previously attributed to spin-charge separation, including features observed in optical conductivity. Additionally, we show that SrCuO2 exhibits a nontrivial interchain coupling that significantly influences both its one-particle and two-particle spectral functions. By comparing the spectral features of SrCuO2 with those of La2CuO4, we argue that SrCuO2 shares notable similarities with the two-dimensional cuprates - both being rooted in a common CuO4 plaquette-based molecular orbital framework.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
SAOS and LAOS rheology for differentiating chemical and physical crosslinking: A case study on PVA hydrogels
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
In this work, we have studied the viscoelastic behavior of chemically and physically crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels near the critical gel point (GP) as well as further away from it, by means of small amplitude (SAOS) and large amplitude (LAOS) oscillatory shear experiments. Chemical crosslinking involved covalent bonding by means of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker, while physical crosslinking was induced by freeze-thaw cycles. SAOS data analysis allowed evaluation of critical parameters such as the critical relaxation exponent n, gel strength S, and equilibrium modulus Ge, based on the dynamic self-similarity and fractal network structures at the GP. LAOS rheological data analysis showed that the chemically crosslinked system exhibited moderate strain-dependance due to the permanent covalent bonds, whereas the physically crosslinked system displayed significant strain-dependent nonlinearity due to strain dependent interactions at the crosslink entities. LAOS experiments, supported by Chebyshev coefficients and Lissajous-Bowditch plots, highlighted pronounced differences in nonlinear responses, underscoring the influence of crosslinking mechanisms on the network rheological behavior. The findings establish LAOS as a powerful tool for differentiating polymeric network structures, providing insights beyond those attained by conventional linear rheology. 50 pages 1 figures
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
Modular Reactor for In Situ X-ray Scattering, Spectroscopy, and ATR-IR Studies of Solvothermal Nanoparticle Synthesis
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Sani Y. Harouna-Mayer, Melike Gumus Akcaalan, Jagadesh Kopula Kesavan, Tjark R. L. Groene, Lars Klemeyer, Sarah-Alexandra Hussak, Lukas Grote, a Davide Derelli, Francesco Caddeo, Cecilia Zito, Paul Stützle, Dorota Speer, Ann-Christin Dippel, Blanka Detlefs, Yannik Appiarius, Axel Jacobi von Wangelin, Dorota Koziej
Understanding the chemical processes that occur during the solvothermal synthesis of functional nanomaterials is essential for their rational design and optimization for specific applications. However, these processes remain poorly understood, primarily due to the limitations of conventional ex situ characterization techniques and the technical challenges associated with in situ studies, particularly the design and implementation of suitable reactors. Here, we present a versatile cell suitable for in situ X-ray scattering, X-ray spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy studies performed during solvothermal synthesis under autoclave-like, inert conditions. The reactor enables precise control of the temperature between -20 C and 200 C, pressures up to 8 bar, magnetic stirring, and injection of gas or liquids. The reactor’s capabilities are demonstrated by comprehensively studying the solvothermal synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron acetylacetonate in benzyl alcohol through in situ X-ray scattering and spectroscopy, and ATR-IR spectroscopy.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
Quartic level repulsion in a quantum chaotic three-body system without symplectic symmetry
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Alex D. Kerin, Barbara Dietz, Joachim Brand
Among the fundamental symmetry classes of quantum chaotic systems in Dyson’s threefold way, the symplectic class is rarely observed in nature. Characterized by the strongest possible level repulsion in the energy spectrum, the symplectic symmetry class also implies a double (Kramers) degeneracy of levels. Studying the spectral statistics of three quantum particles (identical bosons or mass-imbalanced fermions) in a harmonic trap, we find numerical evidence for strong level repulsion in the regime of weak contact interactions. While the statistical indicators are consistent with quantum chaos in systems with symplectic symmetry, the absence of Kramers degeneracy rules out this symmetry. In the strongly-interacting unitary limit either Poissonian or stick statistics are observed (depending on commensurability of the mass ratio) indicating regular dynamics.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
Tuning pair interactions in colloidal systems using random light fields
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Augustin Muster, Diego Romero Abujetas, Frank Scheffold, Luis S. Froufe-Pérez
We propose a method to tune interactions between absorptionless colloidal particle pairs. This is achieved via optimization of the spectral energy density of a homogeneous random optical field. Several standard and more exotic interaction potentials, as well as their negative counterparts, are shown to be successfully tuned. We show that the effective dimensionality of the space of potential functions that can be created by this means can reach up to several tens.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
10 pages, 9 figures
Comparison of typicality in quantum and classical many-body systems
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Quantum typicality refers to the phenomenon that the expectation values of any given observable are nearly identical for the overwhelming majority of all normalized vectors in a sufficiently high-dimensional Hilbert (sub-)space. As a consequence, we show that the thermal equilibrium fluctuations in many-body quantum systems can be very closely imitated by the purely quantum mechanical uncertainties (quantum fluctuations) of suitably chosen pure states. On the other hand, we find that analogous typicality effects of similar generality are not encountered in classical systems. The reason is that the basic mathematical structure, in particular the description of pure states, is fundamentally different in quantum and classical mechanics.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
Ground state magnetic structure of Mn3Sn
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Jeppe Jon Cederholm, Zhian Xu, Yanfeng Guo, Martin Ovesen, Thomas Olsen, Kristine M. L. Krighaar, Chrystalla Knekna, Jian Rui Soh, Youngro Lee, Navid Qureshi, Jose Alberto Rodriguez Velamazan, Eric Ressouche, Andrew T. Boothroyd, Henrik Jacobsen
We use spherical neutron polarimetry to determine the ground state magnetic structure of Mn3Sn. We find that Mn3Sn adopts an inverse triangular structure with spins parallel to <100> (Type III) rather than spins parallel to <110> (Type IV). Density functional theory calculations reveal no energy difference between these two structures, suggesting that the selection is caused by subtle effects such as sixth-order anisotropy. Partial control of the magnetic domain population through a moderate magnetic field is key to distinguish between the two models. We find that three of the six domains are approximately equally populated, while the others have negligible population. Upon entering the low temperature incommensurate phase, the domain structure is lost. The domains decouple from the magnetic field, and can therefore not be controlled by any known method.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
7 pages, 7 figures
Thermodynamics of data
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
The recently introduced concept of generalized thermodynamics is explored here in the context of 1d, 2d and 3d data analysis, performed on samples drawn from a 3d X-ray soil sample image. Different threshold levels are used to binarize the 3d sample, wherefrom relative frequencies of binary patterns are found and then used to address finite size scaling behavior of the response functions as a function of the disorder parameter (equivalent of temperature in thermodynamics). It is found that for different threshold levels response functions for increasing sample sizes approach the thermodynamic limit from different directions, with a crossover reminiscent of a transition from open to periodic boundaries of the Ising model, implying existence of a characteristic correlation scale. It is argued here that this characteristic scale corresponds to the “natural” properties of the data, where correlations within finite size samples are neither underestimated nor overestimated. In the current context of soil this scale may be related to the so-called Representative elementary volume (REV), while in other situations this characteristic scale should be interpreted in the context of the phenomenon under study.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
The Hidden Wheel-Within
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
There is this old, eternal question: Why don’t animals have wheels? In this perspective we show that they actually do. And they do so in a physically extraordinary way – by combining incompatible elasticity, differential geometry and dissipative self-organization. Nature’s wheel – the ``wheel-within’’ – has been mysteriously concealed in plain sight, yet it spins in virtually every slender-body organism: in falling cats, crocodilians spinning to subdue their prey, rolling fruit-fly larvae, circumnutating plants and even in some of our own body movements. Flying somehow under the radar of our cognition, in recent years the wheel-within also tacitly entered the field of soft robotics, finally opening our eyes for its ubiquitous role in Nature. We here identify its underlying physical ingredients, namely the existence of a neutrally-stable, shape-invariant and actively driven elastic mode. We then reflect on various man-made realizations of the wheel-within and outline where it could be spinning from here.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
9 pages, Review
Signatures of broken symmetries in the excitations of a periodic 2DEG coupled to a cylindrical photon cavity
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Vidar Gudmundsson, Vram Mughnetsyan, Hsi-Sheng Goan, Jeng-Da Chai, Nzar Rauf Abdullah, Chi-Shung Tang, Wen-Hsuan Kuan, Valeriu Moldoveanu, Andrei Manolescu
In a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a periodic lateral superlattice subjected to an external homogeneous magnetic field and in a cylindrical far-infrared photon cavity we search for effects of broken symmetries: Static ones, stemming from the unit cell of the system, and the external magnetic field together with the dynamic ones caused by the vector potential of the cavity promoting magnetic types of transitions, and the chirality of the excitation pulse. The Coulomb interaction of the electrons is described within density functional theory, but the electron-photon interactions are handled by a configuration interaction formalism within each step of the density functional approach, both for the static and the dynamic system. In the dynamical calculations we observe weak chiral effects that change character as the strength of the electron-photon interaction and the external magnetic field are increased. From the analysis of the chiral effects we identify an important connection of the para- and diamagnetic electron-photon interactions that promotes the diamagnetic interaction in the present system when the interaction strength is increased. Furthermore, the asymmetric potential in the unit cell of the square array activates collective oscillation modes that are not present in the system when the unit cell has a higher symmetry.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
RevTeX - pdfLaTeX, 14 pages with 12 included pdf figures
Computational Study on the Physical Properties and Hydrogen Storage Capability of Insulating LaMg2H7
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Tanvir Khan, Md Hasan Shahriar Rifat, M. Ibrahim, Razia Marzia, F. Parvin
LaMg2H7 is a ternary wide band gap semiconductor that is a member of the hydride family. The bulk physical characteristics of the LaMg2H7 compound, including its structural, electronic band structure, elastic, thermal, and optical characteristics, have been examined in this work utilizing density functional theory (DFT). The elastic constants indicate that {\rm LaMg}_2H_7 is mechanically stable, brittle in nature, and anisotropic. This studied compound possesses a moderate level of hardness. The band structure and density of states have been examined to have a better understanding of its electronic behavior. The intrinsic carrier concentrations and effective masses have been determined using the band structure. The gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity (Cwt%) has been calculated, indicating that this compound is suitable for hydrogen storage applications. This compound is dynamically stable, as confirmed by its phonon dispersion. Here, the details of this wide-band-gap semiconductor’s reflectivity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, dielectric function, optical conductivity, and loss function are investigated. The substance is a moderate reflector of ultraviolet (UV) light. The absorption and conductivity support the gap in the band structure. The thermodynamic properties, such as bulk modulus, internal energy, specific heat capacity, entropy, thermal expansion coefficient, and Debye temperature, have been explored at varying temperatures and pressures. {\rm LaMg}_2H_7 has a moderate level of melting temperature with higher lattice thermal conductivity. The value of the thermal expansion coefficient and minimum thermal conductivity is highly recommended for use as a thermal barrier coating (TBC).
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
31 pages, 8 figures
Field-Induced SIT in Disordered 2D Electron systems: The case of amorphous Indium-Oxide thin films
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Tsofar Maniv, Vladimir Zhuravlev
The phenomenon of field-induced superconductor to insulator transition (SIT) in disordered 2D electron systems has been a subject of controversy since its discovery in the early 1990s. Here we present a phenomenological quantitative theory of this phenomenon which is not based exclusively on the boson-vortex duality used commonly in the field. Within a new low-temperature framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) functional approach to superconducting fluctuations we propose and develop a scenario in which bosons of Cooper-pair fluctuations (CPFs) condense and localize in real-space mesoscopic puddles under increasing magnetic field due to diminishing stiffness of the fluctuation modes at low temperatures in a broad range of momentum space. Quantum tunneled CPFs relieving the condensed mesoscopic puddles, which consequently pair break into fermionic quasi-particle excitations, dominate the thermally activated inter-puddles transport. The spatially shrinking puddles of CPFs, embedded in expanding normal-state regions, upon further increasing field, suppress the quasi-particle excitation gap and so lead to high-field negative magneto-resistance (MR). Application to amorphous Indium-Oxide thin films shows good quantitative agreement with experimental sheet resistance data. In particular, in agreement with the experiment at low temperatures (i.e. well below the quantum tunneling pair breaking “temperature”), the sheet resistance isotherms are predicted to show a single crossing point at a quantum critical field not far below the MR peak.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
Uncovering domain morphology in an unconventional magnet with scanning diamond quantum magnetometry
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Freya Johnson (1), Jan Zemen (2), Helena Knowles (1), Lesley F. Cohen (3) ((1) Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, (2) Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague (3) Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London)
Unconventional magnetic materials including non-collinear antiferromagnets, p-wave magnets and altermagnets, are an emerging frontier for quantum spintronics and hybrid quantum devices. Critical to the application of these materials is control over the magnetic domain state, as their unique, symmetry-driven properties vanish in a multi-domain limit. However, the mechanisms governing domain formation in materials with compensated local moments remain poorly understood. In this work, we examine the ferrimagnetic to non-collinear antiferromagnetic phase transition of Mn3NiN using scanning nitrogen-vacancy centre magnetometry. We provide nanoscale mapping of the magnetic domain evolution on cooling and correlate the local stray fields with global magnetometry and anomalous Hall effect measurements. We observe the formation of a disordered, dendritic domain structure whose roughness is quantified using its fractal dimension. The fractal dimension steadily increases on cooling through the transition, saturating at a value of ~ 1.55 in the non-collinear phase, but the domain area distribution does not show any significant changes. We show this behaviour cannot be explained by the balance of demagnetisation energy and domain wall energy, and conclude elastic contributions and defects are a critical factor to explain the domain size.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
13 pages, 5 figures
Microstructure sensitive recurrent neural network surrogate model of crystal plasticity
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Michael D. Atkinson, Michael D. White, Adam J. Plowman, Pratheek Shanthraj
The development of next-generation structural materials for harsh environments requires rapid assessment of mechanical performance and its dependence on microstructure. While full-field crystal plasticity (CP) models provide detailed insights, the high computational cost limits their use with uncertainty quantification workflows and in component-scale simulation. Surrogate models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown promise in reproducing history-dependent mechanical behaviour but are applied to models with either fixed microstructure or representative volume elements. Here, we develop a microstructure sensitive RNN surrogate that predicts homogenised stress responses directly from three-dimensional grain structures and arbitrary deformation histories. The architecture employs a gated recurrent unit (GRU) with mappings from microstructure to both the initial hidden state and sequence inputs, allowing the model to capture path dependence and microstructure variability. Training data comprised of over 300,000 CP simulations generated using combinations of randomly generated microstructures and loading paths. The model was found to reproduce CP predictions for both in-distribution validation data and unseen deformation modes, with errors of 2 MPa to 3 MPa. Out-of-distribution microstructures were more difficult to predict, emphasising the need for representative training data with, for example, heavily textured microstructures. Embedding the model into a multiscale framework demonstrates its ability to replace conventional constitutive updates, reducing computational cost while preserving key features of the stress distribution. These results establish microstructure-informed RNN surrogates as a promising alternative to direct CP simulations, offering a pathway toward rapid multiscale modelling and uncertainty quantification.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
34 pages, 12 figures
Emergence of mixed orientational ordering in quasi-one-dimensional superdisk and superball fluids
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Sakineh Mizani, Martin Oettela, Péter Gurin, Szabolcs Varga
We report the discovery of a mixed orientational structure in the quasi-one-dimensional fluid of hard non-spherical bodies with the exact calculation of the thermodynamic and structural quantities using the transfer operator method. The mixed arrangement, which is spatially uniform, but orientionally ordered, cannot be identified with conventional mesophases such as tetratic, cubatic and nematic. It is found that the particles form a mixed orientational arrangement with preferred parallel and perpendicular orientations in a channel, where the number of parallel and perpendicularly oriented particles is not equal even at the close packing density. The mixed structure can be stabilized with hard bodies having equal side lengths in parallel and perpendicular orientations along the channel. These conditions can be realized with colloidal superdisks (superballs) if the curvature of neighboring sides (faces) are different. We show that even a small stretching of the superparticle destabilizes mixed ordering due to perfect nematic order evolving upon approaching close-packing.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
SiC-TGAP: A machine learning interatomic potential for radiation damage simulations in 3C-SiC
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been a subject of study for its application in harsh environments. Existing empirical interatomic potentials for 3C-SiC show significant discrepancies in predicting the properties that are crucial in describing the evolution of defects generated in collision cascades. We present a Gaussian approximation potential model for 3C-SiC (TGAP) trained by two-body and the turboSOAP many-body descriptors. The dataset covers crystalline, liquid and amorphous phases. To accurately capture defect dynamics, twenty-one defect types have been included in the dataset. TGAP captures the experimentally observed decomposition of carbon atoms in the liquid phase at atmospheric pressure, while also accurately reproducing the radial distribution function of the high-temperature homogeneous liquid phase across a range of densities. Moreover, it predicts the melting point in very good agreement with density functional theory and experiments. The potential is equipped with the Nordlund-Lehtola-Hobler repulsive potential to capture the high repulsion of recoils in the collision cascades. TGAP provides an accurate tool for atomistic simulation of radiation damage in cubic SiC.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Magnetic-Field-Induced Geometric Response of Mean-Field Projectors: Streda Formula and Orbital Magnetization
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We study the magnetic-field response of interacting electron systems within mean-field theory using perturbation theory. We show that the linear response of the mean-field density-matrix to a weak magnetic field is purely geometric: it depends only on wavefunction derivatives, the Berry connections linking the occupied and unoccupied subspaces, and is independent of the interaction potential and the quasiparticle dispersion. This leads to compact, gauge-invariant projector expressions for both the Středa formula and the formula for orbital magnetization. Our calculation explicitly elucidates the role of exchange and self-consistency in defining current vertices for orbital magnetization calculations. Our work establishes a direct connection between mean-field theory, quantum geometry and the non-interacting topological band theory.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
6 pages
Thermal gradient-driven skyrmion dynamics with near-zero skyrmion Hall angle
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Yogesh Kumar, Hurmal Saren, Pintu Das
Thermal gradient driven skyrmion dynamics offers a promising route toward green spintronics, enabling the utilization of waste heat for information transport and processing. Using micromagnetic simulations, we investigate Neel skyrmions in a Co-Pt bilayer nanoracetrack and demonstrate that stochastic torques induced by a thermal gradient drive skyrmion motion toward the hotter region with a nearly vanishing Hall angle. The dynamics depends sensitively on intrinsic material parameters - the skyrmion velocity decreases with increasing damping constant, increases with stronger thermal gradients, and varies systematically with saturation magnetization, interfacial DMI strength, and uniaxial out of plane anisotropy. Importantly, we identify a specific range of material parameters within which the skyrmion velocity changes sharply while the Hall angle remains strongly suppressed, saturating near zero. This comprehensive parameter-dependent study establishes a universal design framework for minimizing the Hall effect in thermal gradient driven spintronic systems.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
5 figures
Simulating Topological Order on Quantum Processors
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Adam Gammon-Smith, Michael Knap, Frank Pollmann
It is an ongoing quest to realize topologically ordered quantum states on different platforms including condensed matter systems, quantum simulators and digital quantum processors. Unlike conventional states characterized by their local order, these exotic states are characterized by their non-local entanglement. The consequences of topological order can be as profound as they are surprising, ranging from the emergence of fractionalized anyonic excitations to potentially providing a scalable platform for quantum error correction. This deep connection to quantum computing naturally motivates the realization and study of topologically ordered quantum states on quantum processors. However, due to the non-local nature of these states, their study presents a challenge for near-term quantum devices. This Perspective aims to review the recent progress towards the experimental realization of topologically ordered quantum states, their potential applications, and promising directions of future research.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
14 pages, 5 figures
Noninteracting tight-binding models for Fock parafermions
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
By mapping itinerant spin-$ 1/2$ fermions to four-state Fock parafermions, we construct noninteracting tight-binding models for Fock parafermions in one dimension. They have single-particle real energy spectra consisting of a sum of single-particle energy levels each multiplied by a parafermionic occupation number. The single-particle levels may be determined by diagonalizing a square matrix whose order scales linearly with system size. These levels are the same as those of noninteracting fermionic models, as we show explicitly for the Rice-Mele model and the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We show that the thermodynamic distribution function for the occupation numbers of noninteracting four-state parafermions is consistent with the mapping to spin-$ 1/2$ fermions. We apply the mapping to create a parafermionic counterpart of the Kitaev superconducting chain and show that the ground state in the topological phase is fourfold degenerate, with each ground state distinguished by the fourfold parafermionic occupation numbers of Majorana edge modes.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
7 pages plus supplementary
Anomalous strain-dependent thermal conductivity in superelastic screw-dislocated graphites
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Yu Li, Zhiqiang Zhao, Zhuhua Zhang, Yong-Wei Zhang, Jin-Wu Jiang
The design of strain-stable, or even strain-enhanced thermal transport materials is critical for stable operation of high-performance electronic devices. However, most nanomaterials suffer from strain-induced degradation, with even minor tensile strains markedly reducing thermal conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that screw-dislocated graphites (SDGs), recently identified as topological semimetals, display an unusual increase in cross-plane thermal conductivity under both tensile and compressive strains, revealed by high-accuracy machine-learning-potential-driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. Notably, SDGs exhibit over 100% enhancement under tensile strains up to 80% along the dislocation axis, arising from strain-induced increase in dislocation interface tilt angle that elongates the effective heat transfer paths. Their thermal conductivity surpasses multilayer graphene by an order of magnitude. An analytical model is further derived linking thermal conductivity to dislocation number and strain, offering a predictive framework for designing strain-tunable screwdislocated structures. These findings highlight SDGs as a promising platform for high-performance electronic and wearable devices with tunable thermal properties.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
12 pages, 7 figures
Understanding Polaronic Transport in Anatase TiO2 Films by Combining Precise Synthesis and First-Principles Many-Body Theory
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
F. Liu, Z. Yang, Y. Luo, S. Guo, C. Zhang, S. Choo, X. Xu, X. Wang, K. A. Mkhoyan, M. Bernardi, B. Jalan
In complex oxides, charge carriers often couple strongly with lattice vibrations to form polarons-entangled electron-phonon quasiparticles whose transport properties remain difficult to characterize. Experimental access to intrinsic polaronic transport requires ultraclean samples, while theoretical descriptions demand methods beyond low-order perturbation theory. Here, we combine the growth of high-quality oxygen-vacancy-doped anatase TiO2 films by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with a first-principles electron-phonon diagrammatic Monte Carlo (FEP-DMC) framework recently developed for accurate polaron predictions. Our films exhibit record-high electron mobility for anatase TiO2, in excellent agreement with FEP-DMC calculations conducted prior to experiment, which predict a room-temperature mobility of 45 +/- 15 cm2V-1s-1 and a mobility-temperature scaling of mobility proportional to T^(-1.9 +/- 0.077). Microscopic analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the role of oxygen vacancies in modulating transport at lower temperatures. FEP-DMC further provides quantitative insight into polaron formation energy, phonon cloud distribution, lattice distortion around the polaron, and the polaronic contribution to mobility. Together, these results establish a predictive theory-experiment workflow to characterize polarons and provide a microscopic understanding of large-polaron transport in anatase TiO2, with broader implications for complex oxides and other polaronic materials.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
22 pages, 4 figures
Data as Commodity: a Game-Theoretic Principle for Information Pricing
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Pasquale Casaburi, Giovanni Piccioli, Pierpaolo Vivo
Data is the central commodity of the digital economy. Unlike physical goods, it is non-rival, replicable at near-zero cost, and traded under heterogeneous licensing rules. These properties defy standard supply–demand theory and call for new pricing principles. We propose a game-theoretic approach in which the value of a data string emerges from strategic competition among N players betting on an underlying stochastic process, each holding partial information about past outcomes. A better-informed player faces a choice: exploit their informational advantage, or sell part of their dataset to less-informed competitors. By analytically computing the Nash equilibrium of the game, we determine the price range where the trade is beneficial to both buyer and seller. We uncover a rich landscape of market effects that diverge from textbook economics: first, prospective sellers and buyers can compete or jointly exploit the less informed competitors depending on the quality of data they hold. In a symbiotic regime, the seller can even share data for free while still improving her payoffs, showing that losing exclusivity does not necessarily reduce profit. Moreover, rivalry between well-informed players can paradoxically benefit uninformed ones, demonstrating that information abundance does not always translate to higher payoffs. We also show that the number of players influences the competition between informed parties: trades impossible in small markets become feasible in larger ones. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the pricing of intangible goods in dynamically interacting digital markets, which are in need of robust valuation principles.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Renormalization of Interacting Random Graph Models
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Alessio Catanzaro, Diego Garlaschelli, Subodh P. Patil
Random graphs offer a useful mathematical representation of a variety of real world complex networks. Exponential random graphs, for example, are particularly suited towards generating random graphs constrained to have specified statistical moments. In this investigation, we elaborate on a generalization of the former where link probabilities are conditioned on the appearance of other links, corresponding to the introduction of interactions in an effective generalized statistical mechanical formalism. When restricted to the simplest non-trivial case of pairwise interactions, one can derive a closed form renormalization group transformation for maximum coordination number two on the corresponding line graph. Higher coordination numbers do not admit exact closed form renormalization group transformations, a feature that paraphrases the usual absence of exact transformations in two or more dimensional lattice systems. We introduce disorder and study the induced renormalization group flow on its probability assignments, highlighting its formal equivalence to time reversed anisotropic drift-diffusion on the statistical manifold associated with the effective Hamiltonian. We discuss the implications of our findings, stressing the long wavelength irrelevance of certain classes of pair-wise conditioning on random graphs, and conclude with possible applications. These include modeling the scaling behavior of preferential effects on social networks, opinion dynamics, and reinforcement effects on neural networks, as well as how our findings offer a systematic framework to deal with data limitations in inference and reconstruction problems.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Non-uniqueness of the steady state for run-and-tumble particles with a double-well interaction potential
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
We study $ N$ run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in one dimension interacting via a double-well potential $ W(r)=-k_0 , r^2/2+g , r^4/4$ , which is repulsive at short interparticle distance $ r$ and attractive at large distance. At large time, the system forms a bound state where the density of particles has a finite support. We focus on the determination of the total density of particles in the stationary state $ \rho_s(x)$ , in the limit $ N\to+\infty$ . We obtain an explicit expression for $ \rho_s(x)$ as a function of the ‘’renormalized” interaction parameter $ k=k_0-3m_2$ where $ m_2$ is the second moment of $ \rho_s(x)$ . Interestingly, this stationary solution exhibits a transition between a connected and a disconnected support for a certain value of $ k$ , which has no equivalent in the case of Brownian particles. Analyzing in detail the expression of the stationary density in the two cases, we find a variety of regimes characterized by different behaviors near the edges of the support and around $ x=0$ . Furthermore, we find that the mapping $ k_0\to k$ becomes multi-valued below a certain value of the tumbling rate $ \gamma$ of the RTPs for some range of values of $ k_0$ near the transition, implying the existence of two stable solutions. Finally, we show that in the case of a disconnected support, it is possible to observe steady states where the density $ \rho_s(x)$ is not symmetric. All our analytical predictions are in good agreement with numerical simulations already for systems of $ N = 100$ particles. The non-uniqueness of the stationary state is a particular feature of this model in the presence of active (RTP) noise, which contrasts with the uniqueness of the Gibbs equilibrium for Brownian particles. We argue that these results are also relevant for a class of more realistic interactions with both an attractive and a repulsive part, but which decay at infinity.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
29 pages, 11 figures
Topology of the generalized Brillouin zone of one-dimensional models
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Heming Wang, Janet Zhong, Shanhui Fan
The generalized Brillouin zones (GBZs) are integral in the analysis of non-Hermitian band structures. Conventional wisdom suggests that the GBZ should be connected, where each point can be indexed by the real part of the wavevector, similar to the Brillouin zone. Here we demonstrate rich topological features of the GBZs in generic non-Hermitian one-dimensional models. We prove and discuss a set of sufficient conditions for the model to ensure the connectivity of its GBZ. In addition, we show that the GBZ can become disconnected and have more connected components than the number of bands, which results from the point-gap features of the band structure. This novel GBZ topology is applied to further demonstrate a counterintuitive effect, where the line gap of an open-boundary spectrum with sublattice symmetry may be closed without changing its point-gap topology. Our results challenge the current understanding of bands and gaps in non-Hermitian systems and highlight the need to further investigate the topological effects associated with the GBZ including topological invariants and open-boundary braiding.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
11 pages, 5 figures
Electrical and thermal magnetotransport and the Wiedemann-Franz law in semimetals with electron-electron scattering
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Keigo Takahashi, Hiroyasu Matsuura, Hideaki Maebashi, Masao Ogata
We study the electrical and thermal transport properties and the violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law of two-carrier semimetals using exact treatments of the Boltzmann equation with the impurity and electron-electron scatterings in a magnetic field. For comparison, we also study those in the case of Baber scattering: a single-carrier system with an impurity scattering and phenomenological momentum-dissipative electron-electron scattering. In both systems, the longitudinal and transverse WF laws, $ L = L_{\text{H}} = L_{0}= \pi^2k_B^2/3e^2$ , hold at zero temperature, where the Lorenz ratio $ L$ and the Hall Lorenz ratio $ L_{\text{H}}$ are ratios of thermal conductivity $ \kappa_{\mu\nu}$ to electrical conductivity $ \sigma_{\mu\nu}$ divided by temperature. However, the electron-electron scattering makes Lorenz ratios deviate from $ L_{0}$ with increasing temperature. To describe the WF law in a magnetic field, we introduce another set of Lorenz ratios, $ \widetilde{L}$ and $ \widetilde{L}{\text{H}}$ , defined as the ratios of the resistivity and the Hall coefficient to their thermal counterparts. The WF laws for them, $ \widetilde{L} = \widetilde{L}{\text{H}} = L_{0}$ , and their violation are helpful for the discussion of $ L$ and $ L_{\text{H}}$ . For Baber scattering, our exact result shows $ L_{\text{H}}/L_{0} \sim (L/L_{0})^2$ in a weak magnetic field. In semimetals, the violations of the WF laws are significant, reflecting the different temperature dependence between the electrical and thermal resistivities in a magnetic field. This is because the momentum conservation of the electron-electron scattering has a completely different effect on electrical and thermal magnetotransport. We sort out these behaviors using $ \widetilde{L}$ and $ \widetilde{L}_{\text{H}}$ . We also provide a relaxation time approximation, which is useful for comparing theory and experiment.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
32 pages, 15 figures
Tangent space Krylov computation of real-frequency spectral functions: Influence of density-assisted hopping on 2D Mott physics
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Oleksandra Kovalska, Jan von Delft, Andreas Gleis
We present a tangent-space Krylov (TaSK) method for efficient computation of zero-temperature real-frequency spectral functions on top of ground state (GS) matrix product states (MPS) obtained from the Density Matrix Renormalization Group. It relies on projecting resolvents to the tangent space of the GS-MPS, where they can be efficiently represented using Krylov space techniques. This allows for a direct computation of spectral weights and their corresponding positions on the real-frequency axis. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the TaSK approach by showcasing spectral data for various models. These include the 1D Haldane-Shastry and Heisenberg models as benchmarks. As an interesting application, we study the Hubbard model on a cylinder at half-filling, augmented by a density-assisted hopping (DAH) term. We find that DAH leads to particle-hole asymmetric single-particle mobilities and lifetimes in the resulting Mott insulator, and identify the responsible scattering processes. Further, we find that DAH influences the dispersion of Green’s function zeros beyond its range, which has a frustrating effect on the Mott insulator studied here.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
22 pages
Dynamics of feedback Ising model
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-10-09 20:00 EDT
Yi-Ping Ma, Ivan Sudakow, P. L. Krapivsky, Sergey A. Vakulenko
We study the dynamics of a mean-field Ising model whose coupling depends on the magnetization via a linear feedback function. A key feature of this linear feedback Ising model (FIM) is the possibility of temperature-induced bistability, where a temperature increase can favor bistability between two phases. We show that the linear FIM provides a minimal model for a transcritical bifurcation as the temperature varies. Moreover, there can be two or three critical temperatures when the external magnetic field is non-negative. In the bistable region, we identify a Maxwell temperature where the two phases are equally probable, and we find that increasing the temperature favors the lower phase. We show that the probability distribution becomes non-Gaussian on certain time intervals when the magnetization converges algebraically at either zero temperature or critical temperatures. Near critical points in the parameter space, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation, construct the families of equilibrium distributions, and formulate scaling laws for transition rates between two stable equilibria. The linear FIM provides considerable freedom to control steady-state bifurcations and their associated equilibrium distributions, which can be desirable for modeling feedback systems across disciplines.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
22 pages, 13 figures