CMP Journal 2025-07-17
Statistics
Nature Nanotechnology: 2
Science: 14
Physical Review Letters: 13
Physical Review X: 2
arXiv: 57
Nature Nanotechnology
Enhancing interlayer exciton dynamics by coupling with monolithic cavities via the field-induced Stark effect
Original Paper | Optical materials and structures | 2025-07-16 20:00 EDT
Edoardo Lopriore, Fedele Tagarelli, Jamie M. Fitzgerald, Juan Francisco Gonzalez Marin, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Ermin Malic, Andras Kis
Optical microcavities provide a powerful and versatile framework for manipulating the dynamics of photonic emission from optically active materials through light recirculation. Spatially indirect interlayer excitons (IXs) exhibit broad tunability of their emission energy via the quantum-confined Stark effect. However, the electrical tunability of IXs has not been exploited in cavity-coupled systems until now. Here we modulate the detuning between the cavity resonance and the IX emission in a monolithic Fabry-Perot cavity using an applied vertical electric field. We reveal a simultaneous enhancement of both the emission intensity and lifetime of weakly coupled IXs when in resonance with the optical cavity owing to strong Purcell inhibition and cavity transparency effects. We further investigate the tunable momentum dispersion of coupled IXs through back-focal-plane imaging and explain our results by the cavity coupling of IX transition dipoles as supported by theoretical modelling. Our work demonstrates an integration effort enabling the versatile tuning of highly interacting IXs within monolithic cavities, revealing the attractiveness of electrically tunable IX cavity coupling for both fundamental studies towards exciton condensate manipulation and future integration of excitonic devices.
Optical materials and structures, Two-dimensional materials
DNA moiré superlattices
Original Paper | DNA nanotechnology | 2025-07-16 20:00 EDT
Xinxin Jing, Nicolas Kroneberg, Andreas Peil, Benjamin Renz, Longjiang Ding, Tobias Heil, Katharina Hipp, Peter A. van Aken, Hao Yan, Na Liu
Moiré superlattices have been extensively designed and implemented in atomic-scale van der Waals systems and submicrometre-scale photonic systems. However, bridging the structural gap between these scales has remained a substantial challenge. Here we demonstrate engineered DNA moiré superlattices with sublattice constants as small as ~2 nm and moiré periodicities spanning tens of nanometres. Using twisted DNA origami nanoseeds, we precisely control the layered registry of 2D microscale single-stranded tile DNA sublattices, achieving seed-defined twist angles with deviations below 2°, along with customizable interlayer spacing, stacking sequences and sublattice symmetries. The modularity of nucleation sites on the seeds enables synthetic control over the nucleation and growth pathways, resulting in a high bilayer fraction of 90%. Notably, we demonstrate a gradient moiré superlattice with a gradual variation in moiré periodicity, highlighting the potential of DNA nanotechnology to construct entirely new artificial structures and materials from the bottom up.
DNA nanotechnology, Structural materials
Science
Skeletal editing of pyrrolidines by nitrogen-atom insertion
Research Article | Organic chemistry | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Jinghao Li, Pengcheng Tang, Yang Fan, Hongjian Lu
Given the prevalence of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in bioactive molecules, inserting a nitrogen atom into a saturated ring offers a powerful yet underdeveloped scaffold-hopping strategy for expanding drug-like chemical space. In this study, we present a skeletal editing method that directly inserts a nitrogen atom into pyrrolidine rings, converting them into tetrahydropyridazine scaffolds under mild, operationally simple conditions with readily available O-diphenylphosphinyl hydroxylamine. This method features broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility, enabling late-stage editing of complex molecules. Furthermore, simple redox manipulation of the tetrahydropyridazines grants access to saturated piperidazines and aromatic pyridazines–nitrogen-rich scaffolds that are highly valued in medicinal chemistry but typically difficult to synthesize. Overall, this work establishes a versatile platform for nitrogen-based skeletal editing of saturated pyrrolidines, expanding the synthetic toolkit for medicinal chemistry.
Polyglycine-mediated aggregation of FAM98B disrupts tRNA processing in GGC repeat disorders
Research Article | Cellular neuroscience | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Jason Yang, Yunhan Xu, David R. Ziehr, Martin S. Taylor, Max L. Valenstein, Evgeni M. Frenkel, Jack R. Bush, Kate Rutter, Igor Stevanovski, Charlie Y. Shi, Maheswaran Kesavan, Ricardo Mouro Pinto, Ira Deveson, David P. Bartel, David M. Sabatini, Raghu R. Chivukula
Aggregation-prone polyglycine-containing proteins produced from expanded GGC repeats are implicated in an emerging family of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we showed that polyglycine itself forms aggregates that incorporate endogenous glycine-rich proteins, including FAM98B, a component of the transfer RNA (tRNA) ligase complex (tRNA-LC) that harbors the most glycine-rich sequence in the human proteome. Through this glycine-rich intrinsically disordered region (IDR), polyglycine sequesters and depletes the tRNA-LC, disrupting tRNA processing. Accordingly, patient tissues revealed aggregate-associated FAM98B depletion and accumulation of aberrant tRNA splicing intermediates. Furthermore, Fam98b depletion in adult mice caused progressive motor coordination deficits and hindbrain pathology. Our data suggest that the FAM98B glycine-rich IDR mechanistically links previously disparate neurodegenerative disorders of protein aggregation and tRNA processing.
Vaccination to mitigate climate-driven disruptions to malaria control in Madagascar
Research Article | Malaria | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Benjamin L. Rice, Estelle Raobson, Sylviane Miharisoa, Mahery Rebaliha, Joseph Lewinski, Hanitriniaina Raharinirina, Christopher D. Golden, Gabriel A. Vecchi, Amy Wesolowski, Bryan Grenfell, C. Jessica E. Metcalf
Extreme weather is common in high malaria burden areas and is likely to increase in severity owing to climate change-related severe weather events. Yet, data on infection rates after these events and the consequences for planning disease control programs remain rare. Data on malaria infection in the wake of major tropical cyclones in Madagascar show that infection is likely to rebound rapidly during the gaps in interventions that occur after extreme events. Relative to other control options, recently available malaria vaccines have a longer duration of protection, with the potential to address interruptions in prevention and treatment deployment. Evaluating the use of vaccination in a climate context, we quantified the reduction in symptomatic infections expected for a range of vaccination scenarios.
A hypoxia-responsive tRNA-derived small RNA confers renal protection through RNA autophagy
Research Article | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Guoping Li, Lingfei Sun, Cuiyan Xin, Tian Hao, Prakash Kharel, Aidan C. Manning, Christopher L. O’Connor, Henry Moore, Shuwen Lei, Priyanka Gokulnath, Xinyu Yang, Ritin Sharma, Krystine Garcia-Mansfield, Priyadarshini Pantham, Chunyang Xiao, Hanna Y. Wang, Emeli Chatterjee, Seungbin Yim, Leo B. Ren, Michail Spanos, Hua Zhu, Haobo Li, Ji Lei, James F. Markmann, Louise C. Laurent, John J. Rossi, Oluwaseun Akeju, Quanhu Sheng, Ravi V. Shah, William A. Goddard, Todd M. Lowe, Patrick Pirrotte, Markus Bitzer, Pavel Ivanov, Joseph V. Bonventre, Saumya Das
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs, or tDRs) perform a range of cellular functions. Here, we showed that a hypoxia-induced tDR, derived from the 3’ end of tRNA-Asp-GTC (tRNA-Asp-GTC-3’tDR), activated autophagic flux in kidney cells, while its silencing blocked autophagic flux. Functional gain/loss-of-function studies in murine kidney disease models demonstrated a significant reno-protective function of tRNA-Asp-GTC-3’tDR. Mechanistically, tRNA-Asp-GTC-3’tDR assembled stable G-quadruplex structures and sequestered pseudouridine synthase PUS7, preventing catalytic pseudouridylation of histone mRNAs. The resulting pseudouridylation deficiency directed histone mRNAs to the autophagosome-lysosome pathway, triggering RNA autophagy. This tDR-induced RNA autophagy pathway was activated during murine and human kidney diseases, suggesting clinical relevance. Thus, tRNA-Asp-GTC-3’tDR plays a role in regulating RNA autophagy, which helps to maintain homeostasis in kidney cells and protects against kidney injury.
Midline assembloids reveal regulators of human axon guidance
Research Article | Neuroscience | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Massimo M. Onesto, Neal D. Amin, Chenjie Pan, Xiaoyu Chen, Ji-il Kim, Noah Reis, Sabina Kanton, Alfredo M. Valencia, Zuzana Hudacova, James P. McQueen, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Sergiu P. Pașca
Organizers orchestrate cell patterning and axon guidance in the developing nervous system. Although nonhuman models have led to fundamental discoveries about floor plate (FP)-mediated midline organization, an experimental model of the human FP would enable insights into human neurodevelopment and midline connectivity. Here, we developed organoids resembling human FP (hFpOs) and assembled them with human spinal cord organoids (hSpOs) to generate midline assembloids (hMAs). We demonstrate that hFpOs promote ventral patterning, commissural axon guidance, and bilateral connectivity. To investigate midline regulators, we profiled the hFpO secretome, identifying 27 human-enriched genes compared with mouse. In an arrayed CRISPR screen of hMAs, we discovered that loss of GALNT2 and PLD3 impaired FP-mediated guidance of axons. This platform holds promise for revealing aspects of human-specific neurobiology and disease.
Autoinhibition imposed by a large conformational switch of INO80 regulates nucleosome positioning
Research Article | Molecular biology | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Upneet Kaur, Hao Wu, Yifan Cheng, Geeta J. Narlikar
Increasing the flanking DNA from 40 to 80 base pairs (bp) causes ~100-fold faster nucleosome sliding by INO80. A prevalent hypothesis posits that the Arp8 module within INO80 enables a ruler-like activity. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we show that on nucleosomes with 40 bp of flanking DNA, the Arp8 module rotates 180° away from the DNA. Deleting the Arp8 module enables rapid sliding irrespective of flanking DNA length. Thus, rather than enabling a ruler-like activity, the Arp8 module acts as a brake on INO80 remodeling when flanking DNA is short. This autoinhibition-based mechanism has broad implications for understanding how primitive nucleosome mobilization enzymes may have evolved into sophisticated remodelers.
Design of intrinsically disordered region binding proteins
Research Article | Protein design | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Kejia Wu, Hanlun Jiang, Derrick R. Hicks, Caixuan Liu, Edin Muratspahić, Theresa A. Ramelot, Yuexuan Liu, Kerrie McNally, Sebastian Kenny, Andrei Mihut, Amit Gaur, Brian Coventry, Wei Chen, Asim K. Bera, Alex Kang, Stacey Gerben, Mila Ya-Lan Lamb, Analisa Murray, Xinting Li, Madison A. Kennedy, Wei Yang, Zihao Song, Gudrun Schober, Stuart M. Brierley, John O’Neill, Michael H. Gelb, Gaetano T. Montelione, Emmanuel Derivery, David Baker
Intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides play key roles in biology, but a lack of defined structures and high variability in sequence and conformational preferences have made targeting such systems challenging. We describe a general approach for designing proteins that bind intrinsically disordered protein regions in diverse extended conformations with side chains fitting into complementary binding pockets. We used the approach to design binders for 39 highly diverse unstructured targets, including polar targets, and obtained designs with 100-picomolar to 100-nanomolar affinities in 34 cases, testing ~22 designs per target. The designs function in cells and as detection reagents and are specific for their intended targets in all-by-all binding experiments. Our approach is a major step toward a general solution to the intrinsically disordered protein and peptide recognition problem.
Recent evolution of the developing human intestine affects metabolic and barrier functions
Research Article | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Qianhui Yu, Umut Kilik, Stefano Secchia, Lukas Adam, Yu-Hwai Tsai, Christiana Fauci, Jasper Janssens, Charlie J. Childs, Katherine D. Walton, Rubén López-Sandoval, Angeline Wu, Marina Almató Bellavista, Sha Huang, Calen A. Steiner, Yannick Throm, Michael James Boyle, Zhisong He, Joep Beumer, Barbara Treutlein, Craig B. Lowe, Jason R. Spence, J. Gray Camp
Diet, microbiota, and other exposures place the intestinal epithelium as a nexus for evolutionary change; however, little is known about genomic changes associated with adaptation to a uniquely human environment. Here, we interrogate the evolution of cell types in the developing human intestine by comparing tissue and organoids from humans, chimpanzees, and mice. We find that recent changes in primates are associated with immune barrier function and lipid/xenobiotic metabolism, and that human-specific genetic features impact these functions. Enhancer assays, genetic deletion, and in silico mutagenesis resolve evolutionarily significant enhancers of Lactase (LCT) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2). Altogether, we identify the developing human intestinal epithelium as a rapidly evolving system, and show that great ape organoids provide insight into human biology.
Global earthquake detection and warning using Android phones
Research Article | Earthquake alerts | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Richard M. Allen, Alexei Barski, Micah Berman, Robert Bosch, Youngmin Cho, Xia Summer Jiang, Yun-Ling Lee, Steve Malkos, S. Mostafa Mousavi, Patrick Robertson, Boone Spooner, Marc Stogaitis, Nivetha Thiruverahan, Greg Wimpey
Earthquake early-warning systems are increasingly being deployed as a strategy to reduce losses in earthquakes, but the regional seismic networks they require do not exist in many earthquake-prone countries. We use the global Android smartphone network to develop an earthquake detection capability, an alert delivery system, and a user feedback framework. Over 3 years of operation, the system detected an average of 312 earthquakes per month with magnitudes from M 1.9 to M 7.8 in Türkiye. Alerts were delivered in 98 countries for earthquakes with M ≥4.5, corresponding to ~60 events and 18 million alerts per month. User feedback shows that 85% of people receiving an alert felt shaking, and 36, 28, and 23% received the alert before, during, and after shaking, respectively. We show how smartphone-based earthquake detection algorithms can be implemented at scale and improved through postevent analysis.
Redox-regulated Aux/IAA multimerization modulates auxin responses
Research Article | Plant science | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Dipan Roy, Poonam Mehra, Lisa Clark, Vaishnavi Mukkawar, Kevin Bellande, Raquel Martin-Arevalillo, Srayan Ghosh, Kishor D. Ingole, Prakash Kumar Bhagat, Adrian Brown, Kawinnat Sue-ob, Andrew Jones, Joop E. M. Vermeer, Teva Vernoux, Kathryn Lilley, Phil Mullineaux, Ulrike Bechtold, Malcolm J. Bennett, Ari Sadanandom
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as key signals in plant adaptation to environmental stresses, such as drought. Roots respond to transient water unavailability by temporarily ceasing branching through the acclimative response xerobranching. In this study, we report how a xerobranching stimulus triggers rapid changes of ROS levels in root nuclei, triggering redox-dependent multimerization of the auxin repressor protein IAA3. Mutations in specific cysteine residues of IAA3 disrupt redox-mediated multimerization and interaction with co-repressor TPL, thereby attenuating IAA3-mediated target gene repression. Other AUX/IAA proteins also vary in their redox-mediated multimerization, which reveals a regulatory mechanism that connects dynamic changes in cellular redox status to auxin signaling. Our study reveals how ROS, auxin, and water availability intersect and shape root adaptive responses, thereby maintaining phenotypic plasticity in plants.
Two-dimensional indium selenide wafers for integrated electronics
Research Article | Electronic materials | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Biao Qin, Jianfeng Jiang, Lu Wang, Quanlin Guo, Chenxi Zhang, Lin Xu, Xing Ni, Peng Yin, Lian-Mao Peng, Enge Wang, Feng Ding, Chenguang Qiu, Can Liu, Kaihui Liu
Two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide, with its low effective mass, high thermal velocity, and exceptional electronic mobility, is a promising semiconductor for surpassing silicon electronics, but grown films have not achieved performance comparable with that of exfoliated micrometer-scale flakes. We report a solid‒liquid‒solid strategy that converts amorphous indium selenide films into pure-phase, high-crystallinity indium selenide wafers by creating an indium-rich liquid interface and maintaining a strict 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of indium to selenium. The as-obtained indium selenide films exhibit exceptional uniformity, a pure phase, and a high crystallinity across an entire ~5-centimeter wafer. Transistor arrays based on the produced indium selenide wafers demonstrate outstanding electronic performance surpassing that of all 2D film-based devices, including an extremely high mobility (averaging as high as 287 square centimeters per volt-second) and a near-Boltzmann-limit subthreshold swing (averaging as low as 67 millivolts per decade) at room temperature.
Controlled colonization of the human gut with a genetically engineered microbial therapeutic
Research Article | Microbiota | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Weston R. Whitaker, Zachary N. Russ, Elizabeth Stanley Shepherd, Lauren M. Popov, Alexander Louie, Kathy Lam, David M. Zong, Clare C. C. Gill, Jeanette L. Gehrig, Harneet S. Rishi, Jessica A. Tan, Areta Buness, Janeth Godoy, Domenique Banta, Sonia Jaidka, Katheryne Wilson, Jake Flood, Polina Bukshpun, Richard Yocum, David N. Cook, Tariq Warsi, Lachy McLean, Justin L. Sonnenburg, William C. DeLoache
Precision microbiome programming for therapeutic applications is limited by challenges in achieving reproducible colonic colonization. Previously, we created an exclusive niche that we used to engraft engineered bacteria into diverse microbiota in mice by using a porphyran prebiotic. Building on this approach, we have now engineered conditional attenuation into a porphyran-utilizing strain of Phocaeicola vulgatus by replacing native essential gene regulation with a porphyran-inducible promoter to allow reversible engraftment. Engineering a five-gene oxalate degradation pathway into the reversibly engrafting strain resulted in a therapeutic candidate that reduced hyperoxaluria, a cause of kidney stones, in preclinical models. Our phase 1/2a clinical trial demonstrated porphyran dose-dependent abundance and reversible engraftment in humans, reduction of oxalate in the urine, and characterized genetic stability challenges to achievinglong-term treatment.
Dome-celled aerogels with ultrahigh-temperature superelasticity over 2273 K
Research Article | Materials science | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Kai Pang, Yuxing Xia, Xiaoting Liu, Wenhao Tong, Xiaotong Li, Chenyang Li, Wenbo Zhao, Yan Chen, Huasong Qin, Wenzhang Fang, Li Peng, Yilun Liu, Weiwei Gao, Zhen Xu, Yingjun Liu, Chao Gao
Aerogels are known for their high porosity and very low density and can be made from a range of materials, but are limited by structural instability under extreme thermomechanical conditions. We report on 194 types of dome-celled ultralight aerogels that maintain superior elasticity spanning from 4.2 kelvin (K) to 2273 K, realized by a two-dimensional channel-confined chemistry method. Such aerogels exhibit superelasticity under 99% strain for 20,000 cycles and thermal shock resistance at 2273 K over 100 cycles. The high-entropy carbide aerogel achieves a thermal conductivity of 53.4 mW·m-1·K-1 at 1273 K and 171.1 mW·m-1·K-1 at 2273 K. The combination of temperature-invariant elasticity and chemical diversity makes such aerogels highly promising for extreme thermomechanics, from heat-insulated industries to deep space exploration.
Bridging the pyridine-pyridazine synthesis gap by skeletal editing
Research Article | Organic chemistry | 2025-07-17 03:00 EDT
Mikus Puriņš, Hikaru Nakahara, Mark D. Levin
Pairs of heterocycles differing by a single constitutive ring atom can exhibit stark differences in the retrosynthetic disconnections available for their preparation. Such a synthesis gap is exemplified by pyridine and pyridazine. Pyridine (a six-membered C5N ring) has risen to prominence in discovery chemistry, its ease of assembly spurring further synthetic development. Despite a host of favorable properties, pyridazine (an analogous C4N2 ring) has comparatively lagged behind–a discrepancy attributable to its often-challenging preparation, which arises from an electronically dissonant heteroatom arrangement. In this work, we achieve a single-atom skeletal edit that produces pyridazines from pyridines by direct carbon-to-nitrogen atom replacement: Azide introduction at the ortho position enables a photoinitiated rearrangement of N-amino-2-azidopyridinium cations. This transformation links the two heterocycles such that the richness of pyridine retrosynthesis becomes available to pyridazines.
Physical Review Letters
Testing the Dark Origin of Neutrino Masses with Oscillation Experiments
Research article | Dark matter | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Andrew Cheek, Luca Visinelli, and Hong-Yi Zhang
The origin of neutrino masses remains unknown to date. One popular idea involves interactions between neutrinos and ultralight dark matter, described as fields or particles with masses ${m}{\phi }\ll 10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. Due to the large phase-space number density, this type of dark matter exists in coherent states and can be effectively described by an oscillating classical field. As a result, neutrino mass-squared differences undergo field-induced interference in spacetime, potentially generating detectable effects in oscillation experiments. We demonstrate that if ${m}{\phi }\gg {10}^{- 14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$, the mechanism becomes sensitive to dark matter density fluctuations, which suppresses the oscillatory behavior of flavor-changing probabilities as a function of neutrino propagation distance in a model-independent way, thereby ruling out this regime. Furthermore, by analyzing data from the Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND), a benchmark long-baseline reactor experiment, we show that the hypothesis of a dark origin for the neutrino masses is disfavored for ${m}{\phi }\ll {10}^{- 14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$, compared to the case of constant mass values in vacuum. This result holds at more than the $4\sigma $ level across different datasets and parameter choices. The mass range ${10}^{- 17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\lesssim {m}{\phi }\lesssim {10}^{- 14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ can be further tested in current and future oscillation experiments by searching for time variations (rather than periodicity) in oscillation parameters.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031801 (2025)
Dark matter, Axion-like particles, Neutrinos, Neutrino mass
Search for Quasiparticle Scattering in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet Splittings in $pp$ and Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{ {s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$
Research article | Jet quenching | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration)
The ALICE Collaboration reports measurements of the large relative transverse momentum (${k}{T}$) component of jet substructure in $pp$ and Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{ {s}{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. Enhancement in the yield of such large-${k}{\mathrm{T}}$ emissions in head-on Pb-Pb collisions is predicted to arise from partonic scattering with quasiparticles of the quark-gluon plasma. The analysis utilizes charged-particle jets reconstructed by the anti-${k}{\mathrm{T}}$ algorithm with resolution parameter $R=0.2$ in the transverse-momentum interval $60<{p}{\mathrm{T},\mathrm{ch},\mathrm{jet}}<80\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$. The soft drop and dynamical grooming algorithms are used to identify high transverse momentum splittings in the jet shower. Comparison of measurements in Pb-Pb and $pp$ collisions shows medium-induced narrowing, corresponding to yield suppression of high-${k}{T}$ splittings, in contrast to the expectation of yield enhancement due to quasiparticle scattering. The measurements are compared to theoretical model calculations incorporating jet modification due to jet-medium interactions (‘’jet quenching’’), both with and without quasiparticle scattering effects. These measurements provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms and theoretical modeling of jet quenching.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031901 (2025)
Jet quenching, Quark & gluon jets, Quark-gluon plasma
Implication of the Existence of ${J}^{PC}={0}^{- - }\text{ }{\overline{D}}{s}DK$ Bound State on the Nature of ${D}{s0}^{\ast}(2317)$, and a New Configuration of Exotic State
Research article | Multiquark bound states | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Tian-Wei Wu, Ming-Zhu Liu, and Li-Sheng Geng
The discovery of numerous new hadrons over the past two decades has provided unprecedented opportunities to understand the nonperturbative QCD and hadron structure. The hadronic molecule picture plays an important role in explaining these new hadrons and enriching the configurations of exotic hadronic states. In this Letter, using the model-independent $DK$ potential extracted from the relevant experimental data, a ${J}^{PC}={0}^{- - }$ ${\overline{D}}{s}DK$ three-body hadronic molecule is predicted with a mass of ${4310}{- 24}^{+14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$. This state shows decoupling to conventional $c\overline{c}$ charmonia or the ${\overline{D}}{s}{D}{s0}^{\ast}(2317)$ two-body molecular state. It can be regarded as a compelling three-body hadronic molecular candidate. We further demonstrate that the ${B}^{+}\rightarrow {D}^{\ast\pm{}}{D}^{\mp }{K}^{+}$ decays could be promising channels for searching for the predicted state in future high-luminosity LHCb runs.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031902 (2025)
Multiquark bound states, Particle interactions, Phenomenology
Correspondence between Color Glass Condensate and High-Twist Formalism
Research article | Parton distribution functions | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Yu Fu, Zhong-Bo Kang, Farid Salazar, Xin-Nian Wang, and Hongxi Xing
The color glass condensate (CGC) effective theory and the collinear factorization at high twist (HT) are two well-known frameworks describing perturbative QCD multiple scatterings in nuclear media. It has long been recognized that these two formalisms have their own domain of validity in different kinematic regions. Taking direct photon production in proton-nucleus collisions as an example, we clarify for the first time the relation between CGC and HT at the level of a physical observable. We show that the CGC formalism beyond shock-wave approximation, and with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal interference effect is consistent with the HT formalism in the transition region where they overlap. Such a unified picture paves the way for mapping out the phase diagram of parton density in nuclear medium from dilute to dense region.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 032301 (2025)
Parton distribution functions, Perturbative QCD, QCD phenomenology, Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Toward Quantum Analog Simulation of Many-Body Supersymmetry with Rydberg Atom Arrays
Research article | Open quantum systems | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Hrushikesh Sable, Nathan M. Myers, and Vito W. Scarola
A topological quantum number, the Witten index, characterizes supersymmetric models by probing for zero energy modes and the possibility of supersymmetry breaking. We propose an averaging method to infer the Witten index in quantum analog simulators. Motivated by recent work on Rydberg atoms trapped in optical tweezer arrays, we consider a related supersymmetric XXZ spin model. We show how to infer the Witten index from open-system averaging and numerically demonstrate its topological robustness in this model. Our Letter defines a route for quantum analog simulators to directly identify many-body topological physics.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033401 (2025)
Open quantum systems, Quantum simulation, Supersymmetric models, Quantum many-body systems, Rydberg atoms & molecules, Strongly correlated systems, Supersymmetry
Unraveling Superradiance: Entanglement and Mutual Information in Collective Decay
Research article | Long-range interactions | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Xin H. H. Zhang, Daniel Malz, and Peter Rabl
We study the collective decay of an initially inverted ensemble of two-level emitters in two distinct scenarios: when coupled to a squeezed photonic reservoir and when interacting with a one-dimensional waveguide. Using a quantum-state diffusion approach to unravel the emission process, we investigate entanglement and classical correlations along individual quantum trajectories over time. This numerical analysis shows that despite an initial buildup of entanglement and a significant amount of entanglement due to either spin squeezing or dark states at late times, the essential features of the superradiant burst are well described by averages over fully factorizable states. We explain this observation in terms of an almost complete factorization of all 2-local observables, which we identify as a generic property of superradiant decay. Based on this insight, we provide a purely classical theory for the burst in squeezed superradiance, which is both intuitive and exact for a large number of emitters. Moreover, we find that our numerical approach also performs well in the presence of subradiant states, which dominate the slow residual decay of nonuniform ensembles at late times.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033602 (2025)
Long-range interactions, Quantum measurements, Quantum optics, Spontaneous emission, Squeezing of quantum noise, Superradiance & subradiance
New Plasma Regime in Jupiter’s Auroral Zones
Research article | Magnetohydrodynamic waves | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
R. L. Lysak, A. H. Sulaiman, S. S. Elliott, W. S. Kurth, and S. J. Bolton
A spacecraft observes a new oscillation mode in the low-density plasma.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035201 (2025)
Magnetohydrodynamic waves, Plasma waves, Space & astrophysical plasma, Space science
Unusual Thickness-Dependent Friction on ${\mathrm{CuInP}}{2}{\mathrm{S}}{6}$ Originating from Work-Function Regulation
Research article | Friction | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Zhe Chen, Aisheng Song, Shuai Zhang, Ling Wang, Tianbao Ma, Xi-Qiao Feng, and Qunyang Li
Thickness dependence is a unique trait for the friction of two-dimensional materials, where thinner samples are typically found to exhibit higher friction than thicker ones. In this Letter, we show that friction on two-dimensional ${\mathrm{CuInP}}{2}{\mathrm{S}}{6}$ nanosheets transferred on silicon substrates with predominantly upward polarization can behave in a manner completely opposite to the conventional trend, showing enhanced friction with increasing thicknesses. Assisted by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy measurements and first-principles calculations, this unusual behavior is attributed to the work-function regulated friction mechanism. Specifically, as the sample thickness increases, the work function decreases for the ferroelectric material, which results in a more pronounced electron transfer effect and thereby stronger interactions across the intimate contact interface. This work sheds light on the physical origins of friction for ferroelectric materials and suggests an effective strategy to actively regulate friction via work-function engineering.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036202 (2025)
Friction, Ultrathin films, Atomic force microscopy, Density functional theory
Resistive Anomaly near a Ferromagnetic Phase Transition: A Classical Memory Effect
Research article | Classical spin models | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Dmitrii L. Maslov, Vladimir I. Yudson, and Cristian D. Batista
We investigate resistive anomalies in metals near a ferromagnetic phase transition, emphasizing the role of long-range critical fluctuations. Our analysis shows that electron diffusion near the critical temperature ${T}{c}$ enhances the singular behavior of resistivity via a classical memory effect, exceeding the prediction of Fisher and Langer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 665 (1968)]. Close to ${T}{c}$, the resistivity develops a cusp or anticusp controlled by the critical exponent of the order parameter. We also express a concomitant non-Drude behavior of the optical conductivity in terms of critical exponents. These results provide deeper insight into the origin of resistive anomalies and their connection to criticality in metallic systems.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036301 (2025)
Classical spin models, Disordered systems, Ferromagnets, Rare-earth magnetic materials, Diagrammatic methods, Green’s function methods, Many-body techniques
Anomalous Hall Effect in Type IV 2D Collinear Magnets
Research article | Anomalous Hall effect | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Ling Bai, Run-Wu Zhang, Wanxiang Feng, and Yugui Yao
We identify a previously unrecognized class of two-dimensional (2D) collinear magnetic phase that extends beyond the established categories of ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, and altermagnets. These type IV 2D collinear magnets exhibit spin-degenerate bands in the nonrelativistic limit, yet support time-reversal symmetry-breaking responses, such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), despite having zero net magnetization. Based on spin layer group analysis, we derive the symmetry criteria for this phase and perform first-principles calculations to screen viable candidate materials from 2D databases. Using monolayer ${\mathrm{Hf}}_{2}\mathrm{S}$ as a prototype, we demonstrate that in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the bands are spin degenerate, while its inclusion induces an AHE driven by spin-polarized and even spin-neutral currents, accompanied by a symmetry-protected, truly full-space persistent spin texture. These findings expand the classification of magnetic phases and broaden avenues for realizing unconventional spintronic functionalities in two dimensions.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036702 (2025)
Anomalous Hall effect, Magnetism, 2-dimensional systems, Magnetic systems, First-principles calculations, Group theory
Exchange Engineering of a Two-Dimensional Half-Metal
Research article | Electronic structure | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Xin Liang Tan, Arthur Ernst, Kenta Hagiwara, Ying-Jiun Chen, Claus Michael Schneider, and Christian Tusche
A 2D version of a half-metal–a spin-selective electrical conductor–could aid spin-based electronics.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036703 (2025)
Electronic structure, Magnetism, Spintronics, Half-metals, Magnetic thin films, Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method, Spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Amplitude Mode in a Multigap Superconductor $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ Investigated by Terahertz Two-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy
Research article | Light-matter interaction | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Kota Katsumi, Jiahao Liang, Ralph Romero, III, Ke Chen, Xiaoxing Xi, and N. P. Armitage
We have investigated the terahertz (THz) nonlinear response of the multigap superconductor ${\mathrm{MgB}}{2}$, using THz two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (THz 2DCS). With broadband THz drive fields, we identified a nonlinear response at twice the lower superconducting gap energy $2{\mathrm{\Delta }}{\pi }$ at the lowest temperatures. Using narrow-band THz driving pulses, we observed first (FH) and third harmonic responses. The FH intensity shows a monotonic increase with decreasing temperature when properly normalized by the driving field strength. This is distinct from the single-gap superconductor NbN, where the FH signal exhibited a resonant enhancement at temperatures when twice the gap energy $2\mathrm{\Delta }$ was resonant with the driving photon energy, which was interpreted to originate from the superconducting amplitude mode. Our results in ${\mathrm{MgB}}{2}$ are consistent with a well-defined amplitude mode only at the lowest temperatures and indicate strong damping as temperature increases. This likely indicates the importance of interband coupling in ${\mathrm{MgB}}{2}$ and its influence on the nature of the amplitude mode and its damping.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036902 (2025)
Light-matter interaction, Multiband superconductivity, Nonlinear optics, Low-temperature superconductors, Terahertz spectroscopy, Two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy
T-Shaped Fe-Based Multistoichiometry Stereoscopic Composite Catalyst with Ultrahigh Activity toward Fenton-like Water Treatment, Synthesized via Graphene-Controlled Growth
Research article | Chemical kinetics, dynamics & catalysis | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Dongting Yue, Tianbiao Zeng, Yunzhang Li, Jiahong Lin, Jiewei Xiao, Xing Liu, Youjia Ma, Mengxiang Zhu, Tao Ding, Zhengyang Liu, Xiushen Ye, Zhongjie Zhu, Kan Li, Yihong Ding, and Guosheng Shi
We report an unusual T-shaped Fe-based multistoichiometry stereoscopic composite catalyst with multifunctional active sites, fabricated via a one-step graphene-controlled all-solid-state synthesis. This tailored catalyst can improve all three catalysis processes of ${\mathrm{H}}{2}{\mathrm{O}}{2}$ adsorption, peroxide bond activation, and ${\mathrm{HO}}^{\bullet{}}$ desorption, resulting in a novel catalytic framework where the two-dimensional (2D) ${\text{Fe}}{2}{\mathrm{O}}{3}$ nanosheets optimize ${\mathrm{H}}{2}{\mathrm{O}}{2}$ adsorption, and the 2D FeOCl nanosheets vertically grown on the ${\text{Fe}}{2}{\mathrm{O}}{3}$ surface can facilitate both the generation and desorption of ${\mathrm{HO}}^{\bullet{}}$.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 038001 (2025)
Chemical kinetics, dynamics & catalysis, Crystal defects, Crystal growth, Crystal structure, Nanocrystals
Physical Review X
Demonstration of Measurement-Enhanced State Preparation and Erasure Conversion in a Molecular Tweezer Array
Research article | Coherent control | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Connor M. Holland, Yukai Lu, Samuel J. Li, Callum L. Welsh, and Lawrence W. Cheuk
Programmable arrays of trapped molecules offer a powerful platform for quantum science. New error-mitigation strategies detect and mitigate state preparation and leakage errors by encoding faults in bright, easily detectable molecular states.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 031018 (2025)
Coherent control, Cold and ultracold molecules, Open quantum systems & decoherence, Optical lattices & traps, Optical pumping, Quantum algorithms & computation, Quantum circuits, Quantum computation, Quantum control, Quantum engineering, Quantum error correction, Quantum feedback, Quantum information processing, Quantum measurements, Quantum simulation, Quantum state engineering, Rotational states, Vibrational states, Atomic systems, Molecules, Ultracold gases, Molecule trapping & guiding, Optical tweezers, Resonance fluorescence
Theory of Generalized Landau Levels and Its Implications for Non-Abelian States
Research article | Chern insulators | 2025-07-16 06:00 EDT
Zhao Liu, Bruno Mera, Manato Fujimoto, Tomoki Ozawa, and Jie Wang
A new mathematical framework shows how differences in the internal geometry of energy bands–despite shared topology–can strongly affect the stability of certain exotic quantum states.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 031019 (2025)
Chern insulators, Flat bands, Fractional quantum Hall effect, Fractionalization, Geometric & topological phases, Mathematical physics, Topological order, Narrow band gap systems, Topological materials, Transition metal dichalcogenides, Twisted bilayer graphene, Twisted heterostructures, Two-dimensional electron system, Exact diagonalization, Geometry, Mathematical physics methods
arXiv
Designing lattice spin models and magnon gaps with supercurrents
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Johanne Bratland Tjernshaugen, Martin Tang Bruland, Jacob Linder
Controlling magnetic interactions at the level of individual spins is relevant for a variety of quantum applications, such as qubits, memory and sensor functionality. Finding ways to exert electrical control over spin interactions, with minimal energy dissipation, is a key objective in this endeavour. We show here that spin lattices and magnon gaps can be controlled with a supercurrent. Remarkably, a spin-polarized supercurrent makes the interaction between magnetic adatoms placed on the surface of a superconductor depend not only on their relative distance, but also on their absolute position in space. This property permits electric control over the interaction not only between two individual spins, but in fact over an entire spin lattice, allowing for non-collinear ground states and a practical arena to study the properties of different spin Hamiltonians. Moreover, we show that a supercurrent controls the magnon gap in antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic insulators. These results provide an accessible way to realize electrically controlled spin switching and magnon gaps without dissipative currents.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
6+9 pages, 3+5 figures
Nesting-driven ferromagnetism of itinerant electrons
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Ya.I. Rodionov, A.V. Rozhkov, M.E.S. Beck, A.O. Sboychakov, K.I. Kugel, A.L. Rakhmanov
We theoretically investigate a model with electrons and holes whose Fermi surfaces are perfectly nested. The fermions are assumed to be interacting, both with each other and with the lattice. To suppress inhomogeneous states, a sufficiently strong long-range Coulomb repulsion is included into the model. Using the mean field approximation, one can demonstrate that in the absence of doping, the ground state of such a model is insulating and possesses a density-wave order, either SDW, or CDW. Upon doping, a finite ferromagnetic polarization emerges. It is argued that the mechanism driving the ferromagnetism is not of the Stoner type. A phase diagram of the model is constructed, and various properties of the ordered phases are studied.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Higher-Order Fermion Interactions in BCS Theory
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Diego Rodriguez-Gomez, Jorge G. Russo
We investigate the impact of higher-order fermionic deformations in multiflavor Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. Focusing specifically on the 6- and 8-fermion interactions, we show that these terms can have significant consequences on the dynamics of the system. In certain regions of parameter space, the theory continues to exhibit second-order phase transitions with mean-field critical exponents and the same critical temperature; however, the temperature dependence of the superconducting gap can deviate markedly from conventional BCS behavior. In other regions, the theory exhibits first-order phase transitions or second-order phase transitions with non-mean field exponents. We conclude by discussing potential phenomenological applications of these theories.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
16 pages, 9 figures
Dynamic competition between phason and amplitudon observed by ultrafast multimodal scanning tunneling microscopy
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Seokjin Bae, Arjun Raghavan, Kejian Qu, Chengxi Zhao, Daniel P. Shoemaker, Fahad Mahmood, Ziqiang Wang, Barry Bradlyn, Vidya Madhavan
The intertwining between two ordered states that arise from the same interactions is reflected in the dynamics of their coupled collective excitations. While the equilibrium phase diagram resulting from such intertwined orders has been extensively studied, the dynamic competition between non-equilibrium modes is a largely unexplored territory. Here, we introduce a novel multimodal STM-based pump-probe technique, which enables the measurement of time-resolved tunneling (trSTM), time-resolved point-contact (trPC), and optical pump-probe reflectance (OPPR) on femtosecond timescales-all within a single instrument. We apply these techniques to investigate the collective excitations of the unconventional charge density wave insulator (TaSe4)2I. Our trSTM and trPC measurements reveal charge oscillations at 0.22 THz, with a temperature dependence that matches the theoretically predicted behavior of the long-sought massive phason gaining mass through the Higgs mechanism. Unexpectedly, the data also reveals a second mode at 0.11 THz exhibiting similar temperature and polarization dependence with comparable mode intensity. These features, along with the robust 1/2 frequency ratio locking suggest that the 0.11 THz phason is a ‘daughter mode’ that arises from the splitting of the 0.22 THz massive phason into two massless phasons via parametric amplification-analogous to the decay of a neutral pion into two photons. Strikingly, comparison with OPPR data reveals that the daughter phason competes with and suppresses the amplitudon at the same frequency. Our studies reveal an unexplored mechanism for the generation and extinction of collective excitations and pave the way for a microscopic understanding of ultrafast phenomena.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
$ν$-QSSEP: A toy model for entanglement spreading in stochastic diffusive quantum systems
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
We investigate out-of-equilibrium entanglement dynamics in a generalization of the so-called $ QSSEP$ model, which is a free-fermion chain with stochastic in space and time hopping amplitudes. In our setup, the noisy amplitudes are spatially-modulated satisfying a $ \nu$ -site translation invariance but retaining their randomness in time. For each noise realization, the dynamics preserves Gaussianity, which allows to obtain noise-averaged entanglement-related quantities. The statistics of the steady-state correlators satisfy nontrivial relationships that are of topological nature. They reflect the Haar invariance under multiplication with structured momentum-dependent random $ SU(\nu)$ matrices. We discuss in detail the case with $ \nu=1$ and $ \nu=2$ . For $ \nu=1$ , i.e., spatially homogeneous noise we show that the entanglement dynamics is describable by a stochastic generalization of the quasiparticle picture. Precisely, entanglement is propagated by pairs of quasiparticles. The entanglement content of the pairs is the same as for the deterministic chain. However, the trajectories of the quasiparticles are random walks, giving rise to diffusive entanglement growth.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
20 pages, 7 figures
Multichannel topological Kondo models and their low-temperature conductances
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Guangjie Li, Elio J. König, Jukka I. Väyrynen
In the multichannel Kondo effect, overscreening of a magnetic impurity by conduction electrons leads to a frustrated exotic ground state. It has been proposed that multichannel topological Kondo (MCTK) model involving topological Cooper pair boxes with $ M$ Majorana modes [SO($ M$ ) “spin”] and $ N$ spinless electron channels exhibits an exotic intermediate coupling fixed point. This intermediate fixed point has been analyzed through large-$ N$ perturbative calculations, which gives a zero-temperature conductance decaying as $ 1/N^2$ in the large-$ N$ limit. However, the conductance at this intermediate fixed point has not been calculated for generic $ N$ . Using representation theory, we verify the existence of this intermediate-coupling fixed point and find the strong-coupling effective Hamiltonian for the case $ M=4$ . Using conformal field theory techniques for SO($ M$ ), we generalize the notion of overscreening and conclude that the MCTK model is an overscreened Kondo model. We find the fixed-point finite-size energy spectrum and the leading irrelevant operator (LIO). We express the fixed-point conductance in terms of the modular S-matrix of SO($ M$ ) for general $ N$ , confirming the previous large-$ N$ result. We describe the finite-temperature corrections to the conductance by the LIO and find that they are qualitatively different for the cases $ N=1$ and $ N\geq2$ due to the different fusion outcomes with the current operator. We also compare the multichannel topological Kondo model to the topological symplectic Kondo model.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
26 pages, 2 figures
Impacts and Ejecta in Natural Granular Material
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Esteban Wright, Emau Argueta, Wolfgang Losert
With laboratory experiments we investigate the ejecta of low-velocity (~m/s) impacts into multi-scale granular media and compare them against ejecta from impacts into mono-scale media. Impacts are into a 50 cm diameter galvanized washtub filled with fine sand that has larger diameter gravel buried below the surface is filmed with two high-speed cameras. The resulting ejecta curtain consists mainly of fine sand, and has a complex asymmetric structure that depends on the location and interaction of the ejecta with the larger gravel grains mixed into the sand. To characterize the highly heterogeneous ejecta curtain we combine three analysis techniques: Particle tracking measures the ejecta velocities and ejecta angles best in low density regions, while particle image velocimetry (PIV) elucidates average motion in dense regions, and histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) which captures directions of motion against a patterned background. We find significant asymmetries in the multi-scale ejecta’s velocity distributions and ejection angles compared to the symmetry seen in the ejecta from impacts into mono-scale media. Our experiments show that larger grains under the surface impede and direct ejecta along preferential paths during the impact process.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Link to the 6 high speed videos tracked and discussed can be found at this https URL . Submitted to the journal Icarus on 7/14/2025
Electron and phonon topology in transition metal material TaSi
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Saurabh Kumar Sen, Shivendra Kumar Gupta, Nagarjuna Patra, Ajit Singh Jhala, Poorva Singh
The plethora of multifold quasiparticles in topological materials has led to significant advancements in condensed matter physics, inspiring the investigation for materials that host both electronic and bosonic multifold excitations. In this work, we explore the electronic and phononic properties of TaSi, a non symmorphic chiral topological material crystallizing in space group P 2 1 3 (No. 198). This system exhibits multifold fermions, which are higher spin generalizations of Weyl fermions, protected by the unique crystalline symmetries of the structure. Using first principles calculations, we predict that electronic band possesses fourfold spin 3/2 Rarita Schwinger (RSW) fermions, sixfold excitations (double spin 1), all possessing large Chern numbers C = +4 and Weyl fermions of spin 1/2 with Chern no. -1 in the presence of spin orbit coupling (SOC). Additionally, the phononic band structure hosts chiral bosonic excitations characterized by Chern numbers C = +-2. The coexistence of chiral electronic and bosonic quasiparticles give rise to exotic transport phenomena, rendering the material as promising candidate for future applications in quantum materials, topological electronics, and spintronics.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
8 pages, 9 figures,
Beyond ensemble averaging: Parallelized single-shot readout of hole capture in diamond
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Richard Monge, Yuki Nakamura, Olaf Bach, Jason Shao, Artur Lozovoi, Alexander A. Wood, Kento Sasaki, Kensuke Kobayashi, Tom Delord, Carlos A. Meriles
Understanding the generation, transport and capture of charge carriers in semiconductors is of fundamental technological importance. However, the ensemble measurement techniques ubiquitous in electronics offer limited insight into the nanoscale environment that is crucial to the operation of modern quantum-electronic devices. Here, we combine widefield optical microscopy with precision spectroscopy to examine the capture of photogenerated holes by negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centers in diamond. Simultaneous single-shot charge readout over hundreds of individual NVs allows us to resolve the roles of ionized impurities, reveal the formation of space charges fields, and monitor the thermalization of hot photo-carriers during diffusion. We measure effective NV- hole capture radii in excess of 0.2 um, a value approaching the Onsager limit and made possible here thanks to the near-complete neutralization of coexisting charge traps. These results establish a new platform for resolving charge dynamics beyond ensemble averages, with direct relevance to nanoscale electronics and quantum devices.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
High-throughput computational framework for lattice dynamics and thermal transport including high-order anharmonicity: an application to cubic and tetragonal inorganic compounds
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Zhi Li, Huiju Lee, Chris Wolverton, Yi Xia
Accurately predicting lattice thermal conductivity (kL) from first principles remains a challenge in identifying materials with extreme thermal behavior. While modern lattice dynamics methods enable routine predictions of kL within the harmonic approximation and three-phonon scattering framework (HA+3ph), reliable results, especially for low-kL compounds, require higher-order anharmonic effects, including self-consistent phonon renormalization, four-phonon scattering, and off-diagonal heat flux (SCPH+3,4ph+OD). We present a high-throughput workflow integrating these effects into a unified framework. Using this, we compute kL for 773 cubic and tetragonal inorganic compounds across diverse chemistries and structures. From 562 dynamically stable compounds, we assess the hierarchical effects of higher-order anharmonicity. For about 60% of materials, HA+3ph predictions closely match those from SCPH+3,4ph+OD. However, SCPH corrections often increase kL, sometimes by over 8 times, while four-phonon scattering universally reduces it, occasionally to 15% of the HA+3ph value. Off-diagonal contributions are minor in high-kL systems but can exceed 50% of total kL in highly anharmonic, low-kL compounds. We highlight four cases-Rb2TlAlH6, Cu3VS4, CuBr, and Cl2O-exhibiting distinct anharmonic behaviors. This work delivers not only a robust workflow for high-fidelity kL dataset but also a quantitative framework to determine when higher-order effects are essential. The hierarchy of kL results, from the HA+3ph to SCPH+3,4ph+OD level, offers a scalable, interpretable route to discovering next-generation extreme thermal materials.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
38 pages, 5 figures
A Proliferating Nematic That Collectively Senses an Anisotropic Substrate
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Toshi Parmar, Fridtjof Brauns, Yimin Luo, M. Cristina Marchetti
Motivated by recent experiments on growing fibroblasts, we examine the development of nematic order in a colony of elongated cells proliferating on a nematic elastomer substrate. After sparse seeding, the cells divide and grow into locally ordered, but randomly oriented, domains that then interact with each other and the substrate. Global alignment with the substrate is only achieved above a critical density, suggesting a collective mechanism for the sensing of substrate anisotropy. The system jams at high density, where both reorientation and proliferation stop. Using a continuum model of a proliferating nematic liquid crystal, we examine the competition between growth-driven alignment and substrate-driven alignment in controlling the density and structure of the final jammed state. We propose that anisotropic traction forces and the tendency of cells to align perpendicular to the direction of density gradients act in concert to provide a mechanism for collective cell alignment.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
16 pages, 11 figures
Intermediate scattering function of colloids in a periodic laser field
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Regina Rusch, Yasamin Mohebi Satalsari, Angel B. Zuccolotto-Bernez, Manuel A. Escobedo-Sanchez, Thomas Franosch
We investigate the dynamics of individual colloidal particles in a one-dimensional periodic potential using the intermediate scattering function (ISF) as a key observable. We elaborate a theoretical framework and derive formally exact analytical expressions for the ISF. We introduce and analyze a generalized ISF with two wave vectors to capture correlations in a periodic potential beyond the standard ISF. Relying on Bloch’s theorem for periodic systems and, by solving the Smoluchowski equation for an overdamped Brownian particle in a cosine potential, we evaluate the ISF by numerically solving for the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the expression. We apply time-dependent perturbation theory to expand the ISF and extract low-order moments, including the mean-square displacement, the time-dependent diffusivity, and the non-Gaussian parameter. Our analytical results are validated through Brownian-dynamics simulations and experiments on 2D colloidal systems exposed to a light-induced periodic potential generated by two interacting laser beams.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
8 Figures, 20 pages
Soft Matter, 2025,21, 4908-4924
Conformable Scaling and Critical Dynamics: A Unified Framework for Phase Transitions
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
We investigate the application of conformable derivatives to model critical phenomena near continuous phase transitions. By incorporating a deformation parameter into the differential structure, we derive unified expressions for thermodynamic observables such as heat capacity, magnetization, susceptibility, and coherence length, each exhibiting power-law behavior near the critical temperature. The conformable derivative framework naturally embeds scale invariance and critical slowing down into the dynamics without resorting to fully nonlocal fractional calculus. Modified Ginzburg-Landau equations are constructed to model superconducting transitions, leading to analytical expressions for the order parameter and London penetration depth. Experimental data from niobium confirm the model’s applicability, showing excellent fits and capturing asymmetric scaling behavior around Tc. This work offers a bridge between classical mean-field theory and generalized scaling frameworks, with implications for both theoretical modeling and experimental analysis.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
28 pages; 3 figures
Quantum oscillations reveal sixfold fermions in cubic $β$-PtBi$_2$
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
E. F. Bavaro, J. Castro, V. Vildosola, J. I. Facio, V. F. Correa
We report a study of de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in high-quality single crystals of cubic $ \beta$ -PtBi$ _2$ . In combination with density functional theory calculations, we identify quantum oscillations associated with all Fermi surface sheets predicted by theory. Our results uncover three small electron pockets centered on a sixfold band-touching point located approximately 25 meV below the Fermi level at the $ R$ point of the Brillouin zone. These findings firmly establish the presence of sixfold fermions in close proximity to the Fermi energy of $ \beta$ -PtBi$ _2$ .
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
7 pages, 8 figures
MOFSimBench: Evaluating Universal Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials In Metal–Organic Framework Molecular Modeling
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Hendrik Kraß, Ju Huang, Seyed Mohamad Moosavi
Universal machine learning interatomic potentials (uMLIPs) have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating atomistic simulations, offering scalable and efficient modeling with accuracy close to quantum calculations. However, their reliability and effectiveness in practical, real-world applications remain an open question. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and related nanoporous materials are highly porous crystals with critical relevance in carbon capture, energy storage, and catalysis applications. Modeling nanoporous materials presents distinct challenges for uMLIPs due to their diverse chemistry, structural complexity, including porosity and coordination bonds, and the absence from existing training datasets. Here, we introduce MOFSimBench, a benchmark to evaluate uMLIPs on key materials modeling tasks for nanoporous materials, including structural optimization, molecular dynamics (MD) stability, the prediction of bulk properties, such as bulk modulus and heat capacity, and guest-host interactions. Evaluating over 20 models from various architectures on a chemically and structurally diverse materials set, we find that top-performing uMLIPs consistently outperform classical force fields and fine-tuned machine learning potentials across all tasks, demonstrating their readiness for deployment in nanoporous materials modeling. Our analysis highlights that data quality, particularly the diversity of training sets and inclusion of out-of-equilibrium conformations, plays a more critical role than model architecture in determining performance across all evaluated uMLIPs. We release our modular and extendable benchmarking framework at this https URL, providing an open resource to guide the adoption for nanoporous materials modeling and further development of uMLIPs.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
Fractal Path Strategies for Efficient 2D DMRG Simulations
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Oliver R. Bellwood, Heitor P. Casagrande, William J. Munro
Numerical simulations of quantum magnetism in two spatial dimensions are often constrained by the area law of entanglement entropy, which heavily limits the accessible system sizes in tensor network methods. In this work, we investigate how the choice of mapping from a two-dimensional lattice to a one-dimensional path affects the accuracy of the two-dimensional Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm. We systematically evaluate all mappings corresponding to a subset of the Hamiltonian paths of the $ N \cross N$ grid graphs up to $ N=8$ and demonstrate that the fractal space-filling curves generally lead to faster convergence in ground state searches compared to the commonly used ``snake” path. To explain this performance gain, we analyze various locality metrics and propose a scalable method for constructing high-performing paths on larger lattices by tiling smaller optimal paths. Our results show that such paths consistently improve simulation convergence, with the advantage increasing with system size.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
15 pages, 11 figures
Suppression of charge-density wave and superconductivity in a lithiated NbSe$_2$ monolayer
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Hari Paudyal, Michael E. Flatté
We present an \textit{ab initio} investigation of the long-range charge density wave (CDW) order and superconducting properties of the pristine and lithiated NbSe$ _2$ monolayer. Stable CDW structures are obtained through atomic reconstruction driven by soft-mode distortions and lithiation, respectively, lead to significant electronic modifications that suppress the CDW order. This suppression is attributed to anisotropic atomic distortions, along with a reduction in the electronic density of states at the Fermi level. As a result, the electron–phonon coupling strength is suppressed, particularly in the lithiated structure, due to reduced contributions from low-frequency phonons, primarily associated with in-plane Nb vibrations. Finally, we observe a sizable anisotropy in the superconducting gap on the Fermi surface, with a superconducting transition temperature of approximately 8K in the distorted, and 4K in the lithiated, CDW NbSe$ _2$ monolayer.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
7 pages and 4 figures
Thermodynamic stabilization and electronic effects of oxygen vacancies at BiFeO$_3$ neutral ferroelectric domain walls
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Guo-Dong Zhao, Ismaila Dabo, Long-Qing Chen
Enhanced conductivity at ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO$ _3$ has been widely observed, yet the microscopic origins of this effect, including electronic contributions from domain-wall defects, are incompletely understood at the atomistic level. Here, we carry out first-principles simulations to quantify the thermodynamic stability and electronic impact of oxygen vacancies at charge-neutral 71$ ^\circ$ , 109$ ^\circ$ , and 180$ ^\circ$ domain walls of BiFeO$ _3$ . We find that vacancies are energetically favored at domain walls by up to 0.3 eV compared to the bulk, leading to orders-of-magnitude increase in vacancy equilibrium concentration. The corresponding formation energy landscapes are discontinued and explained by local bond weakening. The vacancies induce localized electronic intragap states corresponding to small polarons, which promote thermally activated n-type conduction in the low-current regime, and their tendency to aggregate facilitate Schottky emission in the high-current regime. Our results provide a quantitative foundation for interpreting domain-wall conduction, offer guidance for defect engineering in ferroelectrics, and provide important information to phase-field simulations of defect-domain wall interactions in a ferroelectric domain structure.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
21 pages, 14 figures
Ultrasensitive Room-Temperature NO2 Gas Sensor Based on In2O3-NbS2 Heterojunction
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
P K Shihabudeen, Alex Sam, Shih-Wen Chiu, Ta-Jen Yen, Kea-Tiong Tang
Niobium disulfide (NbS2), a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide with semi metallic conductivity and high surface activity, offers promising properties for electronic and sensing applications. In this study, we report a high-performance NO2 gas sensor based on a heterostructure comprising a spin-coated In2O3 film on a semi-metallic NbS2 film.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of artificial magnetic fields: Ground state and thermal phase diagrams
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Mohammadamin Jaberi, Fatemeh Heydarinasab
We consider effects of artificial magnetic fields on the ground state of the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. Using an asymmetric Bose-Hubbard model, we demonstrate that the frustrating hopping energy localizes bosons and enlarges insulators and supersolid borders. We show these increments in the presence of artificial gauge fields up to a symmetric point of the field. Moreover, our calculations exhibit the real space modulations of the superfluid and supersolid phases. The bosonic current exhibits vortices in these phases, which their configurations depend on the commensuration between the magnetic field and the lattice. Although the magnetic field breaks the translational symmetry of the square lattice explicitly, this symmetry is restored in the Mott insulator phase. The filling factor exhibits a checkerboard pattern in the density-wave and supersolid phases, regardless of the magnetic field strength. We explore thermal fluctuations and demonstrate the robustness of insulators and SS phases up to temperatures comparable to the interaction energy, which support the feasibility of observing such phases in experiments.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
17 pages, 9 figures
Spin-Valley Locking and Pure Spin-Triplet Superconductivity in Noncollinear Antiferromagnets Proximitized to Conventional Superconductors
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Song-Bo Zhang, Lun-Hui Hu, Qian Niu, Zhenyu Zhang
Unconventional antiferromagnets with spin-split bands, such as noncollinear magnets and the recently discovered altermagnets, serve as new constituents to explore unconventional superconductivity. Here, we unveil a new type and previously unappreciated nature of spin-valley locking in noncollinear antiferromagnets and exploit this texture to achieve pure spin-triplet superconductivity. Using chiral antiferromagnetic kagome lattices (e.g., Mn$ _3$ Ge and Mn$ _3$ Ga) coupled to conventional $ s$ -wave superconductors as prototypical examples, we demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic chirality strongly favors spin-triplet pairing via superconducting proximity effect, while suppressing spin-singlet pairing in the antiferromagnets away from the interfaces. Crucially, such a long-sought spin-triplet superconducting state is established without invoking the prevailing mechanism of spin-orbit coupling or net magnetization. Furthermore, the spin-triplet supercurrent is resilient to both in-plane and out-of-plane Zeeman fields, which exhibits distinct superiority to Ising superconductivity, serving as a compelling experimental signature of the triplet pairing and spin-valley-locked texture.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
8 papges, 4 figures
Steady-state extensional viscosity of wormlike micellar solutions via dissipative particle dynamics simulations
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Yusuke Koide, Takato Ishida, Takashi Uneyama, Yuichi Masubuchi
We investigate the steady-state extensional viscosity of wormlike micellar solutions using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. As the extension rate increases, the steady-state extensional viscosity initially increases and subsequently decreases after reaching a maximum, as observed in experiments. We reveal that this nonmonotonic behavior arises from the competition between micellar stretching and scission under uniaxial extensional flow. We further propose a relation that connects the extensional viscosity to micellar structures and kinetics. This relation provides a unified description of the extensional viscosity of unentangled wormlike micellar solutions for various temperatures, concentrations, and extension rates.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Anisotropic-scaling localization in higher-dimensional non-Hermitian systems
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Zuxuan Ou, Hui-Qiang Liang, Guo-Fu Xu, Linhu Li
Spatial localization of quantum states is one of the focal points in condensed matter physics and quantum simulations, as it signatures profound physics such as nontrivial band topology and non-reciprocal non-Hermiticity. Yet, in higher dimensions, characterizing state localization becomes elusive due to the sophisticated interplay between different localization mechanisms and spacial geometries. In this work, we unveil an exotic type of localization phenomenon in higher-dimensional non-Hermitian systems, termed anisotropic-scaling localization (ASL), where localization lengths follow distinct size-dependent scaling rules in an anisotropic manner. Assisted with both analytical solution and numerical simulation, we find that ASL can emerge from two different mechanisms of effective bulk couplings or one-dimensional junction between different 1D edges, depending on how non-reciprocity is introduced to the system. The competition between ASL states and edge non-Hermitian skin states are further identified by their complex and real eigenenergies, respectively. Our results resolve the subtle co-existence of loop-like spectrum and skin-like localization of boundary states in contemporary literature, and provide a framework to classify the intricate higher-order non- Hermitian localization regarding their localization profiles.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
26 pages, 13 figures
Quantum oscillations of valley current driven by microwave irradiation in transition-metal dichalcogenide/ferromagnet hybrids
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Xin Hu, Yuya Ominato, Mamoru Matsuo
We theoretically study spin and valley transport in a TMDC/ferromagnet heterostructure under a perpendicular magnetic field. We find that microwave-driven spin pumping induces a valley-selective spin excitation, a direct consequence of the valley-asymmetric Landau levels in the TMDC conduction band. This process generates a pure valley current which, as our central finding, exhibits pronounced quantum oscillations as a function of chemical potential. These oscillations provide a definitive experimental signature of the quantized valley states and establish a new pathway to interface spintronics and valleytronics.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
6 pages, 3 figures, one table
Dual Effect of L-Cysteine on the Reorientation and Relaxation of Fe3O4-Decorated Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
M.Zhezhu, Y.Melikyan, V.Hayrapetyan, A.Vasilev, H.Gharagulyan
Here, we study the dynamics of Fe3O4-decorated L-Cysteine-functionalized GOLC director under an external magnetic field and analyze L-Cysteine’s influence on the reorientation and relaxation time of the director. In particular, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by solution-combustion method and added for altering orientational properties of GO which we synthesized electrochemically and functionalized by L-Cysteine. In addition, a comprehensive comparison of the director behaviour of GOLC and Fe3O4-decorated L-Cysteine-GOLC was undertaken to verify the tunability of the aforementioned systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate dual-effect of L-Cysteine on the magnetic field-induced alignment and relaxation time of GOLC systems, namely decrease in reorientation time and at the same time increase in relaxation time. Besides, micropattern creation and controlling in the drying drops of GOLC (net- and knit-like, flower-like, radial- and parallel-strip etc.) using a magnetic field were shown. The results of our studies could facilitate the fabrication of ordered and patterned tunable GOLC assemblies for a range of advanced applications. GOLC was undertaken to verify the tunability of the aforementioned systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate dual-effect of L-Cysteine on the magnetic field-induced alignment and relaxation time of GOLC systems, namely decrease in reorientation time and at the same time increase in relaxation time. Besides, micropattern creation and controlling in the drying drops of GOLC (net- and knit-like, flower-like, radial- and parallel-strip etc.) using a magnetic field were shown. The results of our studies could facilitate the fabrication of ordered and patterned tunable GOLC assemblies for a range of advanced applications.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Shock absorption by multilayer carbon nanotube packings
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
The propagation of transverse impact energy in a multilayer packing (in an array) of parallel single-walled carbon nanotubes has been simulated. It has been shown that such nanotube arrays are effective shock absorbers. The depreciation effect is most pronounced for packings of nanotubes with a diameter of 2.7-3.9 nm. Here, part of the impact energy is absorbed due to the transfer of the packing to a higher energy stationary state, in which part of the nanotubes is in a collapsed state. The impact impulse reaches the other edge of the packing most weakened and distributed over time. For nanotubes with a smaller diameter, the compression of the array occurs elastically without energy accumulation, and for nanotubes with a larger diameter - with energy release.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
10 pages, 9 figures
Coexistence of anomalous spin dynamics and weak magnetic order in a chiral trillium lattice K2FeSn(PO4)3
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
J. Khatua, S. Krishnamoorthi, Changhyun Koo, Gyungbin Ban, Taeyun Kim, Suyoung Kim, Yugo Oshima, Jonas A. Krieger, Thomas J. Hicken, Hubertus Luetkens, Marc Uhlarz, Eundeok Mun, Kyeong Jun Lee, Seo Hyoung Chang, R. Sankar, Kwang-Yong Choi
Trillium lattices, where magnetic ions form a three-dimensional chiral network of corner-sharing equilateral triangular motifs, offer a prominent platform to explore exotic quantum states. In this work, we report ground-state properties of the $ S$ = 5/2 trillium lattice compound K$ _{2}$ FeSn(PO$ {4}$ )$ {3}$ through thermodynamic, electron spin resonance (ESR), and muon spin relaxation ($ {\mu}$ SR) experiments. Thermodynamic and ESR measurements reveal the two-step evolution of magnetic correlations across $ T^{\ast}$ = 11 K, which results from an interplay between dominant antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions and subleading interactions. Below $ T^{\ast}$ , \textit{dc} and \textit{ac} magnetic susceptibilities indicate weak \textcolor{black}{magnetic ordering} at $ T{\rm N} \approx 2$ K under low fields, which is suppressed for $ \mu{0}H \geq 2$ T, consistent with a power-law dependence of magnetic specific heat at low temperatures. $ \mu$ SR experiments confirm the dominance of persistent spin dynamics and the absence of conventional spin freezing, supporting the subtle nature of weak magnetic ordering coexisting with spin-liquid-like fluctuations. These findings underscore the potential for realizing a classical spin-liquid ground state with exotic excitations in high-spin trillium lattice systems.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Single domain spectroscopic signatures of a magnetic Kagome metal
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
L. Plucinski, G. Bihlmayer, Y. Mokrousov, Yishui Zhou, Yixi Su, A. Bostwick, C. Jozwiak, E. Rotenberg, D. Usachov, C. M. Schneider
Spin- and orbital-resolved access to the electronic bands is necessary to establish key properties of quantum materials such as the quantum-geometric tensor. Despite recent revival on magnetic Kagome compounds, no spectroscopic access to their magnetic properties has been available so far due to small domain sizes and lack of appropriate techniques. Furthermore, their real space magnetic texture is often complex and temperature-dependent. We investigate the magnetic Kagome metal DyMn$ _6$ Sn$ _6$ using high-resolution micro-focused circular-dichroic angle-resolved photoemission ($ \mu$ -CD-ARPES) to probe its magnetic and electronic properties. By tuning the kinetic energy to various features of the Dy $ 4f$ multiplet, we resolve magnetic domains in samples cryo-cooled down to 20 K. Smaller, but clear signatures are detected in the Mn $ 3p$ levels. The behavior of both Dy $ 4f$ and Mn $ 3p$ features are in remarkable agreement with our modeling based on the Hartree-Fock method, revealing ferrimagnetic alignment of Dy and Mn local moments, and further strengthening our interpretation. Adjusting the energy to the Mn $ 3d$ -dominated valence bands reveals signatures which we relate to the orbital magnetization through a comparison to {\it ab initio} electronic structure calculations. Our study establishes the spectroscopic access to a single magnetic domain in a Kagome metal, paving the way for further research into imaging magnetic phases of novel magnetic materials using $ \mu$ -CD-ARPES.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
7 pages, 4 figures
Circular dichroism in the photoelectron angular distribution of achiral molecules
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Christian S. Kern, Xiaosheng Yang, Giovanni Zamborlini, Simone Mearini, Matteo Jugovac, Vitaliy Feyer, Umberto De Giovannini, Angel Rubio, Serguei Soubatch, Michael G. Ramsey, F. Stefan Tautz, Peter Puschnig
Circular dichroism in the angular distribution (CDAD) is the effect that the angular intensity distribution of photoemitted electrons depends on the handedness of the incident circularly polarized light. A CDAD may arise from intrinsic material properties like chirality, spin-orbit interaction, or quantum-geometrical effects on the electronic structure. In addition, CDAD has also been reported for achiral organic molecules at the interface to metallic substrates. For this latter case, we investigate two prototypical $ \pi$ -conjugated molecules, namely tetracene and pentacene, whose frontier orbitals have a similar shape but exhibit distinctly different symmetries. By comparing experimental CDAD momentum maps with simulations within time-dependent density functional theory, we show how the final state of the photoelectron must be regarded as the source of the CDAD in such otherwise achiral systems. We gain additional insight into the mechanism by employing a simple scattering model for the final state, which allows us to decompose the CDAD signal into partial wave contributions.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Controlling the magneto-transport properties of magnetic topological insulator thin films from Cr$x$(Bi$y,$Sb${1-y}$)${2-x}$Te$_3$ via molecular beam epitaxy
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Jan Karthein, Jonas Buchhorn, Kaycee Underwood, Abdur Rehman Jalil, Max Vaßen-Carl, Peter Schüffelgen, Detlev Grützmacher, Thomas Schäpers
In this work we present a systematic in-depth study of how we can alter the magneto-transport properties of magnetic topological insulator thin films by tuning the parameters of the molecular beam epitaxy. First, we show how a varying substrate temperature changes the surface morphology and when chosen properly leads to a high crystal quality. Next, the effect of the chromium concentration on the film roughness and crystal quality is investigated. Finally, both the substrate temperature and the chromium concentration are investigated with respect to their effect on the magneto-transport properties of the magnetic topological insulator thin films. It becomes apparent that the substrate temperature and the chromium concentration can be used to tune the Fermi level of the film which allows to make the material intrinsically charge neutral. A very low chromium concentration furthermore allows to tune the magnetic topological insulator into a regime where strong superconducting correlations can be expected when combining the material with a superconductor.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
15 pages, 8 figures
Material Loss Model Calibration for Tantalum Superconducting Resonators
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Guy Moshel, Sergei Masis, Moshe Schechter, Shay Hacohen-Gourgy
Material research is a key frontier in advancing superconducting qubit and circuit performance. In this work, we develop a simple and broadly applicable framework for accurately characterizing two-level system (TLS) loss using internal quality factor measurements of superconducting transmission line resonators over a range of temperatures and readout powers. We applied this method to a series of $ \alpha$ -Ta resonators that span a wide frequency range, thus providing a methodology for probing the loss mechanisms in the fabrication process of this emerging material for superconducting quantum circuits. We introduce an analytical model that captures the loss behavior without relying on numerical simulations, enabling straightforward interpretation and calibration. Additionally, our measurements reveal empirical frequency-dependent trends in key parameters of the model, suggesting contributions from mechanisms beyond the standard tunneling model of TLSs.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
Local control of parity and charge in nanoscale superconducting lead islands
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Stefano Trivini, Jon Ortuzar, Katerina Vaxevani, Beatriz Viña-Bausá, F. Sebastian Bergeret, Jose Ignacio Pascual
Small superconducting islands can exhibit charge quantization, where Coulomb interactions compete with Cooper pairing. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we probe this interplay by measuring the charging energy ($ E_C$ ) and the pairing energy ($ \Delta$ ) of individual nano-islands. Below a critical island size, where $ E_C > \Delta$ , we observe a crossover between even and odd parity ground states. By applying controlled voltage pulses, we continuously tune the island’s electrostatic potential and map the full charge-parity landscape. These results demonstrate tunable superconducting ground states, offering a potential platform for qubit design and control.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Efficient Preparation of Fermionic Superfluids in an Optical Dipole Trap through Reinforcement Learning
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Yueyang Min, Ziliang Li, Yi Zhong, Jia-An Xuan, Jian Lin, Fei Leng, Xiaopeng Li
We demonstrate a reinforcement learning (RL) based control framework for optimizing evaporative cooling in the preparation of strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gases of Li6. Using a Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm, the system autonomously explores a high-dimensional parameter space to learn optimal cooling trajectories. Compared to conventional exponential ramps, our method achieves up to 130% improvement in atomic density within a 0.5 second, revealing non-trivial control strategies that balance fast evaporation and thermalization. While our current optimization focuses on the evaporation stage, future integration of other cooling stages, such as grey molasses cooling, could further extend RL to the full preparation pipeline. Our result highlights the promise of RL as a general tool for closed-loop quantum control and automated calibration in complex atomic physics experiments.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Interacting Bose gases in twisted-bilayer optical lattices
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Ganesh C. Paul, Patrik Recher, Luis Santos
Recent experiments have realized ultra-cold gases in twisted-bilayer optical lattices. We show that interacting bosons in these lattices present a highly non-trivial ground-state physics resulting from the interplay between inter- and intra-layer hopping and interactions. This physics is crucially determined by site clusterization, which we properly take into account by developing a specifically-tailored cluster Gutzwiller approach. Clusterization results in a large variety of different Mott-like phases characterized by typically different occupations of the clusters, and in the appearance of pockets of sites in between which particles can freely move, but which remain disconnected from each other. This peculiar phase, which resembles the well-known Bose glass phase, may occur even for commensurate twist angles and is further enhanced when the twisting is incommensurate. Moreover, in the incommensurate case, the formation of mobility islands may occur even without inter-layer hopping solely due to inter-layer interactions.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
7 pages, 5 figures
Superconductivity in RbH$_{12}$ at low pressures: an \emph{ab initio} study
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Đorđe Dangić, Yuewen Fang, Ion Errea
High-pressure polyhydrides are leading contenders for room temperature superconductivity. The next frontier lies in stabilizing them at ambient pressure, which would allow their practical applications. In this first-principles computational study, we investigate the potential for record-low pressure stabilization of binary superhydrides within the RbH$ _{12}$ system including lattice quantum anharmonic effects in the calculations. %Within the pressure range of 0 to 100 GPa, we identify five competing phases. We identify five competing phases for the pressure range between 0 and 100 GPa. Incorporating anharmonic and quantum effects on ion dynamics, we find the $ Immm$ and $ P6_3/mmc$ phases to be the most probable, potentially metastable even at pressures as low as 10 GPa. Notably, all phases exhibit metallic properties, with critical temperatures between 50 and 100 K within the pressure range they are dynamically stable. These findings have the potential to inspire future experimental exploration of high-temperature superconductivity at low pressures in Rb-H binary compounds.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
Emergent Symmetry and Phase Transitions on the Domain Wall of $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ Topological Orders
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Hong-Hao Song, Chen Peng, Rui-Zhen Huang, Long Zhang
The one-dimensional (1D) domain wall of 2D $ \mathbb{Z}{2}$ topological orders is studied theoretically. The Ising domain wall model is shown to have an emergent SU(2)$ {1}$ conformal symmetry because of a hidden nonsymmorphic octahedral symmetry. While a weak magnetic field is an irrelevant perturbation to the bulk topological orders, it induces a domain wall transition from the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a ferromagnetic order, which spontaneously breaks the anomalous $ \mathbb{Z}{2}$ symmetry and the time-reversal symmetry on the domain wall. Moreover, the gapless domain wall state also realizes a 1D topological quantum critical point between a $ \mathbb{Z}{2}^{T}$ -symmetry-protected topological phase and a trivial phase, thus demonstrating the holographic construction of topological transitions.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
Main text: 5.5 pages, 4 figures; Appendices: 8.5 pages, 4 figures
Representation of Archimedean Networks and Inclusion: Computational Applications to Percolation and Network Transitions
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Auro Anibal Torres, José Antonio Ramirez-Pastor
We present an alternative geometric representation for the eleven Archimedean lattices, in which each site and bond is uniquely labeled by an ordered pair of integers and characterized via a modular function. This structured labeling enables efficient and systematic implementation of computational models on these lattices, without relying on ad hoc indexing, and provides a versatile framework for future studies on regular tilings. As an application, we obtain, for each Archimedean lattice, the phase diagrams generated by monomer deposition for the site-bond percolation models known in the literature as $ S \cup B$ and $ S \cap B$ . We show that these diagrams are ordered in phase space according to the partial and total inclusion relations among the lattices, as demonstrated by Parviainen et al. (2003). Furthermore, for the lattice pairs (this http URL)/(this http URL) and $ (3^3.4^2)/(3^this http URL)$ , we observe an inversion between the pure site and bond percolation thresholds. We show that this phenomenon is linked to the crossing of their respective phase diagrams, highlighting the sensitivity of critical behavior to lattice topology.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
Article in Spanish, 33 pages, 28 figures
Configurational forces explain echelon cracks in soft materials
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Angel Santarossa, Nydia Roxana Varela-Rosales, Paul Steinmann, Miguel Angel Moreno-Mateos
Soft fracture in highly deformable solids involves both geometric and constitutive nonlinearities, necessitating advanced theoretical and computational frameworks for its accurate understanding. Tensile fractures subjected to mixed-mode loading deviate from their original planar shape, resulting in echelon crack patterns. When out-of-plane shear is superimposed, a crack front segments into an array of tilted facets. The physical interpretation of echelon cracks is only marginally understood, and it is customarily based on rather limited approaches based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. Here we investigate mixed-mode I + III fracture within the framework of configurational mechanics. Using the Configurational Force Method, implemented as a post-processing algorithm in a finite-element-based simulation, we compute the configurational forces acting at the crack tip of model fracture geometries prior to propagation. Configurational forces characterize both the magnitude and direction of propagation for maximal energy release rate. Our results reveal the complex interactions between tilted facets and their critical role in shaping the fracture morphology. We also examine the effects of facet coalescence-driven by the growth of the parent crack-where neighboring facets merge into a unified crack front. These findings provide new insights into fracture processes in soft, quasi-brittle materials under mixed-mode loading.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Light-hole states and hyperfine interaction in electrically-defined Ge/GeSn quantum dots
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Agnieszka Miętkiewicz, Jakub Ziembicki, Krzysztof Gawarecki
We theoretically investigate hole spins confined in a gate-defined quantum dot (QD) embedded in GeSn/Ge/GeSn quantum well (QW) structure. Owing to the tensile strain in the Ge layer, the system effectively realizes a light-hole qubit. We systematically study how various morphological parameters influence the energy spectrum, g-factors, and the hyperfine coupling to the nuclear spin bath. The simulations are carried out using a realistic, fully atomic sp$ ^3$ d$ ^5$ s$ ^\ast$ tight-binding model. We also perform complementary DFT calculations of wave functions near the atomic cores and use them to parameterize the hyperfine-interaction Hamiltonian. We evaluate the Overhauser field fluctuations and demonstrate that the strength of the hyperfine coupling for the lowest hole doublet crucially depends on the Sn content in the barrier. We highlight the conduction-valence band mixing, which leads to considerable $ s$ -type admixtures to the hole states, providing the dominant channel of hyperfine coupling due to the Fermi contact interaction.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Electrically tunable heavy fermion and quantum criticality in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Le Zhang, Wenqiang Zhou, Xinjie Fang, Zhen Zhan, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Yi-feng Yang, Shuigang Xu
The interplay between localized magnetic moments and itinerant electrons gives rise to exotic quantum states in condensed matter systems. Two-dimensional moire superlattices offer a powerful platform for engineering heavy fermion states beyond conventional rare-earth intermetallic compounds. While localized and itinerant carriers have been observed in twisted graphene moire systems, direct evidence of their strong coupling–leading to artificial heavy fermion states–has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate electrically tunable heavy fermion in magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene, achieved by controlling the Kondo hybridization between localized flatband electrons and itinerant Dirac electrons via a displacement field. Our results reveal a continuous quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic semimetal to a paramagnetic heavy fermion metal, evidenced by a crossover from logarithmic to quadratic temperature-dependent resistivity, a dramatic enhancement of quasiparticle effective mass, and Fermi surface reconstruction near quantum critical point. This highly tunable platform offers unprecedented control over heavy fermion physics, establishing moire heterostructures as a versatile arena for exploring correlated quantum phases–including potential unconventional superconductivity–in two-dimensional materials.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Cryogenic spin 3/2 nuclear quadrupole resonance: Spin relaxation and electric field gradient via Rabi frequency goniometry
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Ritik R. Modi (1), Karen L. Sauer (1 and 2) ((1) Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA, (2) Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA)
A straightforward way to determine the electric field gradient $ -$ principal axes frame (EFG-PAF) on single crystal samples with spin 3/2 nuclei is demonstrated. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy is used to determine the Rabi frequency for $ ^{35}$ Cl in a single crystal of potassium chlorate (KClO$ _3$ ) by comparing the NQR signal for powder and single crystal samples. By exploiting the geometrical dependence of the Rabi frequency with respect to the excitation direction, EFG-PAF is readily determined. Furthermore, relaxation times $ T_1$ and $ T_2^\ast$ were measured at multiple temperatures ranging from $ 17~\textrm{K}$ to $ 200 ~$ K, extending the results of previous works to colder temperatures where new relaxation mechanisms become dominant. The experiments were performed in a cryogen-free cryostat, which posed distinct challenges compared to a conventional cryogenic cooling setup. The successful operation of the NQR probe within a cryogen-free cryostat has the potential to make the technique more accessible and widen applications.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
10 pages, 12 figures
Streamline controlled rectification of supercurrent in thin-film asymmetric weak links
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Filippo Antola, Sebastiano Battisti, Alessandro Braggio, Francesco Giazotto, Giorgio De Simoni
In this study, we examined the supercurrent diode effect (SDE) in mesoscopic superconducting weak links formed by asymmetric Dayem bridges. These planar metallic constrictions, which naturally exhibit Josephsonlike behavior, offer a fundamental platform for investigating nonreciprocal transport phenomena in a regime where the bridge width aligns with the superconducting coherence length. The foundational concept is inspired by the Tesla valve, a classical fluidic device that achieves flow rectification through interference and turbulence between fluid streams enabled by geometric asymmetry. Analogously, we demonstrate that spatial asymmetry within superconducting structures can result in rectification due to the polarity-dependent interaction between transport and screening currents. By implementing controlled geometric defects at the junction between the constriction and superconducting leads, we induce current crowding and disrupt spatial inversion symmetry, thus facilitating directional switching behavior. Experimental results indicate a linear-in-field rectification regime at low magnetic fields, driven by the interaction between transport and screening currents, which is succeeded by complex vortex dynamics within the superconducting banks at elevated fields. Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations replicate significant features of the experimental observations and substantiate the influence of both screening currents and rearrangements of Abrikosov vortices. A comparative study across various geometries highlights the crucial role of defect shape and spatial confinement in determining the rectification efficiency, revealing a minimum threshold in bridge width below which crowding-induced SDE is significantly reduced. Our findings advocate for mesoscopic Dayem bridges as a flexible platform for designing and controlling superconducting diode functionalities.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Ab initio study of flexoelectricity in MXene monolayers
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Shashikant Kumar, Zixi Zhang, Phanish Suryanarayana
We investigate flexoelectricity in MXene monolayers from first principles. Specifically, we compute the transverse flexoelectric coefficients of 126 MXene monolayers along their two principal directions using Kohn-Sham density functional theory. The values span a wide range from 0.19$ e$ to 1.3$ e$ and are nearly isotropic with respect to bending direction. The transition metal is found to play a significant role in the flexoelectric response, with nitride-based MXenes consistently displaying larger coefficients than their carbide counterparts. Moreover, the coefficients increase with structural thickness, but when normalized by the bending modulus, which is also computed for all 126 monolayers, they exhibit the opposite trend.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
When $B_2$ is Not Enough: Evaluating Simple Metrics for Predicting Phase Separation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Wesley W. Oliver, William M. Jacobs, Michael A. Webb
Understanding and predicting the phase behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is of significant interest due to their role in many biological processes. However, effectively characterizing phase behavior and its complex dependence on protein primary sequence remains challenging. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of several simple computational metrics to quantify the propensity of single-component IDP solutions to phase separate; specific metrics considered include the single-chain radius of gyration, the second virial coefficient, and a newly proposed quantity termed the expenditure density. Each metric is computed using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations for 2,034 IDP sequences. Using machine learning, we analyze this data to understand how sequence features correlate with the predictive performance of each metric and to develop insight into their respective strengths and limitations. The expenditure density is determined to be a broadly useful metric that combines simplicity, low computational cost, and accuracy; it also provides a continuous measure that remains informative across both phase-separating and non-phase-separating sequences. Additionally, this metric shows promise in its ability to improve predictions of other properties for IDP systems. This work extends existing literature by advancing beyond binary classification, which can be useful for rapidly screening phase behavior or predicting other properties of IDP-related systems.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
46 pages, 7 figures, supporting information
Velocity Distribution and Diffusion of an Athermal Inertial Run-and-Tumble Particle in a Shear-Thickening Medium
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Subhanker Howlader, Sayantan Mondal, Prasenjit Das
We study the dynamics of an athermal inertial run-and-tumble particle moving in a shear-thickening medium in $ d=1$ . The viscosity of the medium is represented by a nonlinear function $ f(v)\sim\tan(v)$ , while a symmetric dichotomous noise of strength $ \Sigma$ and flipping rate $ \lambda$ models the activity of the particle. Starting from the Fokker-Planck~(FP) equation for the time-dependent probability distribution $ W_{\pm\Sigma}(v, t)$ of the particle’s velocity $ v$ at time $ t$ and the active force is $ \pm\Sigma$ , we analytically derive the steady-state velocity distribution function $ W_s(v)$ and a quadrature expression for the effective diffusion coefficient $ D_{\rm eff}$ . For a fixed $ \Sigma$ , $ W_s(v)$ undergoes multiple transitions with varying $ \lambda$ , and we have identified the corresponding transition points. We then numerically compute $ W_s(v)$ , the mean-squared velocity $ \langle v^2\rangle(t)$ , and the diffusion coefficient $ D_{\rm eff}$ , all of which show excellent agreement with the analytical results in the steady-state. Finally, we test the robustness of the transitions in $ W_s(v)$ by considering an alternative $ f(v)$ function that also capture the shear-thickening behavior of the medium.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
17 Pages, 6 Figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. E
Global Synchronization in Matrix-Weighted Networks
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Anna Gallo, Yu Tian, Renaud Lambiotte, Timoteo Carletti
Synchronization phenomena in complex systems are fundamental to understanding collective behavior across disciplines. While classical approaches model such systems by using scalar-weighted networks and simple diffusive couplings, many real-world interactions are inherently multidimensional and transformative. To address this limitation, Matrix-Weighted Networks (MWNs) have been introduced as a versatile framework where edges are associated with matrix weights that encode both interaction strength and directional transformation. In this work, we investigate the emergence and stability of global synchronization in MWNs by studying coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators-an archetypal model of nonlinear dynamics near a Hopf bifurcation. We derive a generalized Master Stability Function (MSF) tailored to MWNs and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for synchronization to occur. Central to our analysis is the concept of coherence, a structural property of MWNs ensuring path-independent transformations. Our results show that coherence is necessary to achieve global synchronization and provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing multidimensional dynamical processes in complex networked systems.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
20 pages, 9 figures
Magnetic and ferroelectric phase diagram of twisted CrI$_3$ layers
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Twisting layers provide a rich ore for exotic physics in low dimensions. Despite the abundant discoveries of twistronics from the aspect of electronic structures, ferroic moiré textures are more plain and thus less concerned. Rigid lattice models are straightforward which can give a rough but intuitional description in most cases. However, taking CrI$ _3$ as a model system, here we will demonstrate that the interlayer stacking potential can spontaneously lead to structural relaxation, which plays a vital role to understand the ferroicity in the twisted superlattices. The magnetic ground state is sensitive to the stacking mode and twisting angles, which can be seriously affected by the structural relaxation. In particular, the expected magnetic bubbles are annihilated in its bilayer. In contrast, due to topological protection, the ferroelectric vortices are more robust to structural relaxation, as well as twisting angle and this http URL to the universal existence of spontaneous structural relaxation in twisted superlattices, our work may lead to a general revisitation of emerging physics of twistronics.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
9 pages, 9 figures
Combinatorial Summation of Feynman Diagrams (CoS): Several Extensions
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
We present several generalizations of the recently proposed combinatorial summation of Feynman diagrams with more interaction vertices and symmetry-broken cases. For $ m$ interaction vertices, we reduce the exponential base in complexity from $ 3m$ to $ m+2$ . The generalizations encompass many models of significant physical interest, including the SU(4) Hubbard model on a honeycomb lattice, spinless fermions with frustrated interactions, SU(2) Hubbard model on Kagome lattices, \textit{etc}.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Combinatorics (math.CO)
4 pages
Material-Limited Switching in Nanoscale Ferroelectrics
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Tony Chiang, John J. Plombon, Megan K. Lenox, Ian Mercer, Punyashloka Debashis, Mahendra DC, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Jon-Paul Maria, Jon F. Ihlefeld, Ian A. Young, John T. Heron
The ferroelectric switching speed has been experimentally obfuscated by the interaction between the measurement circuit and the ferroelectric switching itself. This has prohibited the observation of real material responses at nanosecond timescales and lower. Here, fundamental polarization switching speeds in ferroelectric materials with the perovskite, fluorite, and wurtzite structures are reported. Upon lateral scaling of island capacitors from micron to nanoscales, a clear transition from circuit-limited switching to a material-limited switching regime is observed. In La$ _{0.15}$ Bi$ _{0.85}$ FeO$ _{3}$ capacitors, switching is as fast as ~150 ps, the fastest switching time reported. For polycrystalline Hf$ _{0.5}$ Zr$ _{0.5}$ O$ _{2}$ capacitors, a fundamental switching limit of ~210 ps is observed. Switching times for Al$ _{0.92}$ B$ _{0.08}$ N are near 20 ns, limited by the coercive and breakdown electric fields. The activation field, instantaneous pseudo-resistivity, and energy-delay are reported in this material-limited regime. Lastly, a criterion for reaching the material-limited regime is provided. This regime enables observation of intrinsic material properties and favorable scaling trends for high-performance computing.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
19 pages, 4 figures
Discontinuity in the distribution of field increments between avalanches in non-abelian random field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model with no passing violation
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Aldrin B E, Alberto Rosso, Sumedha
We study the zero-temperature quasi-statically driven dynamics of the random field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model (RFBEGM) as a prototype for disordered systems with competing interactions. While the random field Ising model is known to obey the no-passing rule we show that this property is generically violated in the RFBEGM. By exploring the full parameter space, we identify the precise conditions under which no-passing is broken, particularly in the regime where a repulsive biquadratic coupling introduces frustration. Here, we find that this violation leaves a clear fingerprint in the form of a discontinuity in the distribution of the field increments between successive avalanches. We provide analytical arguments that locate the onset of this discontinuity, in excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
8 pages, 11 figures
Towards dislocation-driven quantum interconnects
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Cunzhi Zhang, Victor Wen-zhe Yu, Yu Jin, Jonah Nagura, Sevim Polat Genlik, Maryam Ghazisaeidi, Giulia Galli
A central problem in the deployment of quantum technologies is the realization of robust architectures for quantum interconnects. We propose to engineer interconnects in semiconductors and insulators by patterning spin qubits at dislocations, thus forming quasi one-dimensional lines of entangled point defects. To gain insight into the feasibility and control of dislocation-driven interconnects, we investigate the optical cycle and coherence properties of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, in proximity of dislocations, using a combination of advanced first-principles calculations. We show that one can engineer spin defects with properties similar to those of their bulk counterparts, including charge stability and a favorable optical cycle, and that NV centers close to dislocations have much improved coherence properties. Finally, we predict optically detected magnetic resonance spectra that may facilitate the experimental identification of specific defect configurations. Our results provide a theoretical foundation for the engineering of one-dimensional arrays of spin defects in the solid state.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Revealing the impact of chemical short-range order on radiation damage in MoNbTaVW high-entropy alloys using a machine-learning potential
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Jiahui Liu, Shuo Cao, Yanzhou Wang, Zheyong Fan, Guocai Lv, Ping Qian, Yanjing Su
The effect of chemical short-range order (CSRO) on primary radiation damage in MoNbTaVW high-entropy alloys is investigated using hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulations with a machine-learned potential. We show that CSRO enhances radiation tolerance by promoting interstitial diffusion while suppressing vacancy migration, thereby increasing defect recombination efficiency during recovery stage. However, CSRO is rapidly degraded under cumulative irradiation, with Warren-Cowley parameters dropping below 0.3 at a dose of only 0.03~dpa. This loss of ordering reduces the long-term enhancement of CSRO on radiation resistance. Our results highlight that while CSRO can effectively improve the radiation tolerance of MoNbTaVW, its stability under irradiation is critical to realizing and sustaining this benefit.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Phonon spectrum in the spin-Peierls phase of CuGeO$_3$
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
L. Spitz, A. Razpopov, S. Biswas, H. Lane, S. E. Nikitin, K. Iida, R. Kajimoto, M. Fujita, M. Arai, M. Mourigal, Ch. Rüegg, R. Valentí, B. Normand
CuGeO$ _3$ has long been studied as a prototypical example of the spin-Peierls transition in a $ S = 1/2$ Heisenberg chain. Despite intensive investigation of this quasi-one-dimensional material, systematic measurements and calculations of the phonon excitations in the dimerized phase have not to date been possible, leaving certain aspects of the spin-Peierls phenomenon unresolved. We perform state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations to compute the electronic structure and phonon dynamics in the low-temperature dimerized phase. We also perform high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to measure the full phonon spectrum over multiple Brillouin zones. We find excellent agreement between our numerical and experimental results that extend to all measurement temperatures. Notable features of our phonon spectra include a number of steeply dispersive modes, nonmonotonic dispersion features, and specific phonon anticrossings, which we relate to the mode eigenvectors. By calculating the magnetic interactions within DFT and studying the effects of different phonon modes on the superexchange paths, we discuss the possibility of observing spin-phonon hybridization effects in experiments performed both in and out of equilibrium.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Topological quantum materials: kagome, chiral, and square-net frameworks
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Avdhesh K. Sharma, Snehashish Chatterjee, Premakumar Yanda, Claudia Felser, Chandra Shekhar
Topological quantum materials have emerged as a frontier in condensed matter physics as well as in materials science, with intriguing electronic states that are robust to perturbations. Among the diverse structural motifs, kagome, chiral, and square-net structures offer a wide range of topological phases and physical phenomena. These include Dirac and Weyl fermions, nodal-line semimetals, flat bands, van Hove singularities, charge density waves, superconductivity, nontrivial Berry phase, nonlinear electrical and thermal transports. This review explores the distinct roles of geometry, symmetry, spin-orbit coupling, and electron correlations in these three classes of materials. It also highlights how their crystallographic features give rise to unique electronic band structures, topologically protected states and different physical properties, which require high-quality-single crystals. The present discussion comprises recent experimental discoveries and identification of the synthesis routes of key materials within each framework. Finally, the review outlines the current challenges and future directions in the design and exploration of topological quantum materials.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Electron-phonon-dominated charge-density-wave fluctuations in TiSe$_2$ accessed by ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Sotirios Fragkos, Hibiki Orio, Nina Girotto Erhardt, Akib Jabed, Sarath Sasi, Quentin Courtade, Muthu P. T. Masilamani, Maximilian Ünzelmann, Florian Diekmann, Baptiste Hildebrand, Dominique Descamps, Stéphane Petit, Fabio Boschini, Ján Minár, Yann Mairesse, Friedrich Reinert, Kai Rossnagel, Dino Novko, Samuel Beaulieu, Jakub Schusser
1T-TiSe$ _2$ exhibits a charge-density-wave (CDW) transition below 200 K, which is believed to be driven by a hybrid exciton-phonon mechanism, making it a versatile platform for investigating the interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Although the corresponding band structure modifications below the CDW transition temperature are well established, only a few reports discuss the occurrence of the CDW fluctuating phase and its spectral features well above the transition temperature. Here, we report the direct observation of spectral features associated with CDW fluctuations at 295 K, using time-resolved extreme ultraviolet momentum microscopy. We investigated the transient melting and recovery of CDW fluctuations upon nonresonant ultrafast photoexcitation. Surprisingly, our results reveal that the coherent amplitude mode modulating the ultrafast CDW recovery persists at these elevated temperatures. The time-, energy- and momentum-resolved photoemission data supported by density functional perturbation theory further confirm that CDW fluctuations at these elevated temperatures are dominated by electron-phonon interaction. The analysis of these very localized microscopic fluctuations consequently provides new insights into the complex interplay between the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom at elevated temperatures and, therefore, on the nature of this quantum phase transition.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Ground and excited-state properties of the extended Hubbard dimer from the multichannel Dyson equation
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Stefano Paggi, J. Arjan Berger, Pina Romaniello
We have recently presented the multichannel Dyson equation as an alternative to the standard single-channel Dyson equation. While the latter involves a single many-body Green’s function, the former uses a multichannel Green’s function in which two or more many-body Green’s functions are coupled. Quasiparticles and satellites are thus naturally treated on equal footing in the multichannel Dyson equation. To assess the accuracy of our approach we apply it here to the ground- and excited-state properties of the extended Hubbard dimer, an exactly solvable model for $ H_2$ . In particular, we focus on the potential energy surface as well as the corresponding spectral functions and HOMO-LUMO gaps, which are well-known challenges for many-body approximations such as second Born and $ GW$ . We show that the multichannel Dyson equation gives overall very good results for all properties considered and outperforms both $ GW$ and second Born. In particular, the multichannel Dyson equation yields the correct ground-state energy and HOMO-LUMO gap in the dissociation limit contrary to $ GW$ .
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Alkali doping of Zn${\rm x}$Mg${\rm 1-x}$O alloys for $p$-type conductivity
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-07-17 20:00 EDT
Nearly all ultrawide-bandgap oxides are affected by hole localization that limits $ p$ -type conductivity and thus potential applications for these materials. Highly localized holes, also known as hole polarons, trap in the vicinity of acceptor dopants, giving rise to large ionization energies and severely constraining free hole concentrations. Though this hole-trapping behavior affects wurtzite zinc oxide, rocksalt zinc oxide was recently found to be resistant to the formation of hole polarons. Moreover, $ p$ -type doping using lithium acceptors was predicted to be achievable. While rocksalt zinc oxide is metastable and has a band gap near $ \sim$ 3 eV, here it is found that zinc magnesium oxide (Zn$ _{\rm x}$ Mg$ _{\rm 1-x}$ O) alloys remain $ p$ -type dopable within the stable rocksalt crystal structure, in addition to exhibiting band gaps in excess of 4 eV. As in rocksalt zinc oxide, alkali acceptors are shallow in zinc magnesium oxide and do not appear to be affected by donor compensation. These results indicate that alkali-doped Zn$ _{\rm x}$ Mg$ _{\rm 1-x}$ O alloys are a promising system for achieving a $ p$ -type dopable ultrawide-bandgap oxide.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)