CMP Journal 2025-06-05
Statistics
Nature Nanotechnology: 2
Nature Physics: 1
Physical Review Letters: 20
Physical Review X: 2
arXiv: 58
Nature Nanotechnology
Ferroelastic writing of crystal directions in oxide thin films
Original Paper | Ferroelectrics and multiferroics | 2025-06-04 20:00 EDT
Wei Peng, Wenjie Meng, Younji Kim, Jiyong Yoon, Liang Si, Kesen Zhao, Shuai Dong, Yubin Hou, Chuanying Xi, Li Pi, Aditya Singh, Ana M. Sanchez, Richard Beanland, Tae Won Noh, Qingyou Lu, Daesu Lee, Marin Alexe
Crystals often have complex structural domains, but a general method to remove or deterministically control such local heterogeneity is lacking. The resulting heterogeneity in crystal orientations obscures our understanding of material properties and can reduce the reliability and performance of related applications. Here, using shear stress from an atomic force microscope tip, we ferroelastically write local crystal orientations in oxide thin films. Applying this deterministic and reversible control to SrRuO3 and (La0.7Sr0.3)(Mn0.9Ru0.1)O3 films, we realize twin-free single crystals and design specific crystal-orientation domain textures at the nanoscale. Furthermore, through magnetoelastic coupling, we can mechanically manipulate the local magnetic anisotropy, and thereby write and erase functional nanoscale magnetic textures unattainable by conventional methods. Thus, pure mechanical force emerges as a means to control structural heterogeneity on demand and may make it possible to program electronic and spintronic functionalities.
Ferroelectrics and multiferroics, Magnetic properties and materials
Mechanochemical carbon dioxide capture and conversion
Original Paper | Carbon capture and storage | 2025-06-04 20:00 EDT
Runnan Guan, Li Sheng, Changqing Li, Jiwon Gu, Jeong-Min Seo, Boo-Jae Jang, Seung-Hyeon Kim, Jiwon Kim, Hankwon Lim, Qunxiang Li, Jong-Beom Baek
Developing a direct carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and methanation method is one of the most important challenges to achieving carbon neutrality. However, converting CO2 into methane (CH4) kinetically requires the activation of stable CO2 at high temperatures (300-500 °C), while the CO2-to-CH4 conversion thermodynamically favours low temperatures. Here we report an efficient mechanochemical CO2 capture and conversion under mild conditions (65 °C). Using commercial zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and nickel catalysts, the mechanochemical CO2 capture capacity was 75-fold higher than the conventional thermochemical process. The mechanochemical CO2 conversion reached a nearly quantitative CO2 conversion (99.2%) with CH4 selectivity (98.8%). We determined that repeatedly induced abundant oxygen vacancies on ZrO2 by dynamic mechanical actions are responsible for efficient CO2 capture and, thus, subsequently spontaneous methanation.
Carbon capture and storage, Chemical engineering
Nature Physics
Experimentally probing Landauer’s principle in the quantum many-body regime
Original Paper | Bose-Einstein condensates | 2025-06-04 20:00 EDT
Stefan Aimet, Mohammadamin Tajik, Gabrielle Tournaire, Philipp Schüttelkopf, João Sabino, Spyros Sotiriadis, Giacomo Guarnieri, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Jens Eisert
Landauer’s principle bridges information theory and thermodynamics by linking the entropy change of a system during a process to the average energy dissipated to its environment. Although typically discussed in the context of erasing a single bit of information, Landauer’s principle can be generalized to characterize irreversibility in out-of-equilibrium processes, such as those involving complex quantum many-body systems. Specifically, the relation between the entropy change of a system and the energy dissipated to its environment can be decomposed into changes in quantum mutual information and a difference in the relative entropies of the environment. Here, we experimentally probe Landauer’s principle in the quantum many-body regime using a quantum field simulator of ultracold Bose gases. Employing a dynamical tomographic reconstruction scheme, we track the temporal evolution of the quantum field following a global mass quench from a massive to a massless Klein-Gordon model and analyse the thermodynamic and information-theoretic contributions to a generalized entropy production for various system-environment partitions of the composite system. Our results verify the quantum field theoretical calculations, interpreted using a semi-classical quasiparticle picture. Our work demonstrates the ability of ultracold atom-based quantum field simulators to experimentally investigate quantum thermodynamics.
Bose-Einstein condensates, Quantum information, Quantum mechanics, Quantum simulation, Thermodynamics
Physical Review Letters
Decoherence of Histories: Chaotic Versus Integrable Systems
Research article | Decoherence in quantum gases | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Jiaozi Wang and Philipp Strasberg
We study the emergence of decoherent histories in isolated systems based on exact numerical integration of the Schr"odinger equation for a Heisenberg chain. We reveal that the nature of the system, which we switch from (i) chaotic to (ii) interacting integrable to (iii) noninteracting integrable, strongly impacts decoherence of coarse spin observables. From a finite size scaling law we infer a strong exponential suppression of coherences for (i), a weak exponential suppression for (ii), and no exponential suppression for (iii) on a relevant short (nonequilibrium) timescale. Moreover, for longer times we find stronger decoherence for (i) but the opposite for (ii), hinting even at a possible power-law decay for (ii) at equilibrium timescales. This behavior is encoded in the multitime properties of the quantum histories and it can not be explained by environmentally induced decoherence. Our results suggest that chaoticity plays a crucial role in the emergence of classicality in finite size systems.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 220401 (2025)
Decoherence in quantum gases, Quantum chaos, Quantum statistical mechanics, Quantum many-body systems, Quantum spin chains
Supernovae Time Profiles as a Probe of New Physics at Neutrino Telescopes
Research article | Novae & supernovae | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Carlos A. Argüelles, Vedran Brdar, Jeffrey Lazar, and Ying-Ying Li
Neutrino telescopes, including IceCube, can detect galactic supernova events by observing the collective rise in photomultiplier count rates with a subsecond time resolution. Leveraging precise timing, we demonstrate for the first time the ability of neutrino telescopes to explore new weakly coupled states emitted from supernovae and subsequently decaying to neutrinos. Our approach utilizes publicly available packages, asteria and snewpy, for simulating detector responses and parametrizing neutrino fluxes originating from the standard model and new physics. We present results for two beyond-the-standard model scenarios and introduce the tool developed for testing a diverse range of new physics models.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221002 (2025)
Novae & supernovae, Particle astrophysics, Neutrinos, Neutrino detection
Partial Rate Matrix for Dark Matter Scattering
Research article | Mathematical physics | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Benjamin Lillard
I present a highly efficient integration method for scattering calculations, and a ‘’partial rate matrix’’ that encodes the scattering rate as a function of the SO(3) orientation of the detector. This replaces the original multidimensional rate integral with a simple exercise in vector multiplication, speeding up the rate calculation by a factor of around ${10}^{8}$. I include a scheme to fully factorize the dark matter particle model, its astrophysical velocity distribution, and the properties of the target material from each other, enabling efficient calculation of the partial rate matrix even in studies comparing large sets of these input functions. This is now the only sensible way to evaluate the dark matter scattering rate in anisotropic detector materials. It is straightforward to generalize this method to other difficult but linear problems.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221003 (2025)
Mathematical physics, Particle dark matter, Galactic halos, Form factors, Dark matter detectors, Functional analytical methods
Establishing $CP$ Violation in $b$-Baryon Decays
Research article | Heavy baryons | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Jia-Jie Han, Ji-Xin Yu, Ya Li, Hsiang-nan Li, Jian-Peng Wang, Zhen-Jun Xiao, and Fu-Sheng Yu
It is a long-standing puzzle why the $CP$ violation (CPV) in the baryon system has not yet been definitively established as in the meson one. We demonstrate that individual partial-wave CPV in the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}{b}\rightarrow p{\pi }^{- }$ and $p{K}^{- }$ decays can exceed 10%, but the destruction between the partial waves (the suppression by the small partial-wave weight) results in a small net direct CPV in the former (the latter) as measured currently. Our finding highlights the different dynamics responsible for CPVs in baryon and meson decays. We propose to probe the CPV observables associated with the angular distributions of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}{b}\rightarrow p{a}{1}(1260)$, $p{K}{1}(1270)$ decay products, which are large enough for being identified experimentally.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 221801 (2025)
Heavy baryons, CP violation
High Precision Spectroscopy of Trilobite Rydberg Molecules
Research article | Interatomic & molecular potentials | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Markus Exner, Rohan Srikumar, Richard Blättner, Matthew T. Eiles, Peter Schmelcher, and Herwig Ott
High-precision spectroscopy of weakly bound rubidium dimers pushes a theoretical model to its limits.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 223401 (2025)
Interatomic & molecular potentials, Molecular spectra, Photoassociation, Rydberg gases, Ultracold collisions, Rydberg atoms & molecules
Torus Bifurcation of a Dissipative Time Crystal
Research article | Cavity quantum electrodynamics | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Jayson G. Cosme, Phatthamon Kongkhambut, Anton Bölian, Richelle Jade L. Tuquero, Jim Skulte, Ludwig Mathey, Andreas Hemmerich, and Hans Keßler
Using a quantum gas setup consisting of a Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity by a transverse pump laser, we experimentally observe an instability of a dissipative continuous time crystal toward a time crystalline state exhibiting two prominent oscillation frequencies. Applying a mean-field approximation model and a Floquet analysis, we theoretically confirm that this transition is a manifestation in a many-body system of a torus bifurcation between a limit cycle (LC) and a limit torus (LT). We theoretically illustrate the LC and LT attractors using the minimal model and experimentally reconstruct them using Takens’ embedding theorem applied to the nondestructively measured intracavity photon dynamics.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 223601 (2025)
Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems, Time crystals, Bose-Einstein condensates, Quantum many-body systems
Transient Symmetry Breaking in a Pumped Crystal via the Electric-Field-Dependent Stark Effect
Research article | Atomic & molecular processes in external fields | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Liang Li, Wei He, Shiqi Liang, Pengfei Lan, and Peixiang Lu
We have investigated the transient properties of a ZnO crystal under a pump pulse (pumped crystal) using a pump-probe methodology. By monitoring the second harmonic of the weak probe pulse generated from the pumped crystal, we observe that the angular distribution of the second-harmonic yield becomes asymmetric compared to that without the pump. Importantly, the asymmetry of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) appears to be retarded by nearly 25 fs relative to the pump pulse, and its scaling shows a highly nonlinear dependence on the pump intensity. In addition, by using a two-color pump pulse, we further demonstrate that the asymmetry of SHG is controllable by adjusting the electric field of the two-color pulse. These phenomena can be attributed to the strong-field-induced electric-field-dependent Stark effect. Unlike the conventional intensity-dependent Stark effect, where only energy levels of the pumped target move, electric-field-dependent Stark effect indicates that the excitation induced by the pump pulse can distort the orbital and plays a vital role on the transient property of the pumped crystal. Our work suggests a new freedom for rationally designing the transient property of crystals by controlling the electric field of the pump pulse, which paves the way for realizing petahertz high-speed signal processing.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 223801 (2025)
Atomic & molecular processes in external fields, Electronic excitation & ionization, Nonlinear optics, Optical transient phenomena, Strong electromagnetic field effects, Optical second-harmonic generation, Pump-probe spectroscopy
Dissipative Topological Dynamics in Optical Waveguides: Sensitivity versus Robustness
Research article | Edge states | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Zhiyuan Lin, Jian Li, Wange Song, Shanhe Su, Jiacheng Sun, Shengjie Wu, Chunyu Huang, Shining Zhu, and Tao Li
Topological physics has garnered attention across various fields, emphasizing topologically protected modes renowned for their robustness against disorders. Recent advancements have expanded from conservative wave systems to diffusion systems with dissipative interactions. However, the transition region between wave and diffusion dynamics remains scarce, primarily due to the complexities involved in coupling modulation. Here, we develop a universal coupling control scheme via reservoir engineering, achieving conservative, dissipative, and mixed topologies in an optical waveguide array. Contrary to the belief that topological modes are disorder resistant, we found that topological dissipative modes are highly sensitive to initial excitations and noise. This sensitivity is due to their residence within the complex band gap, facilitating the excitation and preservation of bulk modes with lower loss. We also propose a method to control the degree of topological robustness and even stabilize these sensitive topological states by selectively managing dissipative potentials. Our Letter offers new insights into the dissipative dynamics of topological states, paving the way for wave coherent manipulation and diffusion transport on photonic chips.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 223802 (2025)
Edge states, Integrated optics, Topological effects in photonic systems, Non-Hermitian systems, Waveguide arrays
Postavalanche Relaxation Sheds Light on Twinning Mechanisms
Research article | Crystal phenomena | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Haile Gebrehiwet Seyoum, Emil Bronstein, Eilon Faran, and Doron Shilo
Avalanches are abundant abrupt events that occur during various physical processes, where the material transitions between equilibrium states through complex dynamics. Relaxation’s dynamics are simpler and milder compared to avalanches, typically following a well-defined kinetic law. Here, we reveal the elemental differences between avalanches and relaxations during deformation twinning in magnesium in terms of their rate and duration. At the same time, we find that each avalanche is followed by relaxation with an almost identical magnitude. An avalanche occurs at the $\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{s}$ timescale and corresponds to a twin nucleation while relaxation occurs at the ms timescale and corresponds to twin growth. Our results indicate that the local volumes twinned during these two coupled processes are nearly identical. This implies a simple geometrical relation between twin nucleation and subsequent twin growth, shedding light on the basic mechanisms during the early stages of twinning.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226101 (2025)
Crystal phenomena, Defects, Mechanical deformation, Microstructure, Nucleation, Plasticity, Twinning
Quantification of Electronic Asymmetry: Chirality and Axiality in Solids
Research article | Chirality | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Tatsuya Miki, Hiroaki Ikeda, Michi-To Suzuki, and Shintaro Hoshino
A new framework for studying chiral materials puts the emphasis on electron chirality rather than on the asymmetry of the atomic structure.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226401 (2025)
Chirality, Dirac equation, Ab initio calculations, First-principles calculations
Dynamical Freezing in Exactly Solvable Models of Driven Chaotic Quantum Dots
Research article | Floquet systems | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Haoyu Guo, Rohit Mukherjee, and Debanjan Chowdhury
The late-time equilibrium behavior of generic interacting models is determined by the coupled hydrodynamic equations associated with the globally conserved quantities. In the presence of an external time-dependent drive, nonintegrable systems typically thermalize to an effectively infinite-temperature state, losing all memory of their initial states. However, in the presence of a large time-periodic Floquet drive, there exist special points in phase space where the strongly interacting system develops approximate emergent conservation laws. Here, we present results for an exactly solvable model of two coupled chaotic quantum dots with multiple orbitals interacting via random two- and four-fermion interactions in the presence of a Floquet drive. We analyze the phenomenology of dynamically generated freezing using a combination of exact diagonalization and field-theoretic analysis in the limit of a large number of electronic orbitals. The model displays universal freezing behavior irrespective of whether the theory is averaged over the disorder configurations or not. We present explicit computations for the growth of many-body chaos and entanglement entropy, which demonstrates the long-lived coherence associated with the interacting degrees of freedom even at late times at the dynamically frozen points. We also compute the slow timescale that controls relaxation away from exact freezing in a high-frequency expansion.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226501 (2025)
Floquet systems, Nonequilibrium systems, Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Intrinsic Axion Statistical Topological Insulator
Research article | Symmetry protected topological states | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Xi Chen, Fa-Jie Wang, Zhen Bi, and Zhi-Da Song
Ensembles that respect symmetries on average exhibit richer topological states than those in pure states with exact symmetries, leading to the concept of average symmetry-protected topological states (ASPTs). The free-fermion counterpart of ASPT is the so-called statistical topological insulator (STI) in disordered ensembles. In this Letter, we demonstrate the existence of an intrinsic STI, which has no clean counterpart. Using a real space construction (topological crystal), we find an axion STI characterized by the average axion angle $\overline{\theta }=\pi $, protected by an average ${C}{4}T$ symmetry with $({C}{4}T{)}^{4}=1$. While the exact ${C}{4}T$ symmetry reverses the sign of $\theta $ angle, and hence seems to protect a ${\mathbb{Z}}{2}$ classification of $\theta =0,\pi $, we prove that the $\theta =\pi $ state cannot be realized in the clean limit if $({C}_{4}T{)}^{4}=1$. Therefore, the axion STI lacks band insulator correspondence and is thus intrinsic. To illustrate this state, we construct a lattice model and numerically explore its phase diagram, identifying an axion STI phase separated from both band insulators and trivial Anderson insulators by a metallic phase, revealing the intrinsic nature of the STI. We also argue that the intrinsic STI is robust against electron-electron interactions. Our Letter thus provides the first intrinsic crystalline ASPT and its lattice realization.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226601 (2025)
Symmetry protected topological states, Topological insulators, Disordered systems
Exceptional Magic Angles in Non-Hermitian Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Research article | Flat bands | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Juan Pablo Esparza and Vladimir Juričić
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) features strongly correlated and topological phases due to its flat bands emerging near the magic angle. However, the effects of the non-Hermiticity, arising from the coupling to the environment and dissipation, have remained unexplored. We here develop a simple non-Hermitian (NH) version of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) by considering relative twisting of two NH graphene monolayers with non-Hermiticity encoded in the imbalance of in-plane nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes. Remarkably, by generalizing the Bistritzer-MacDonald approach to NH systems, we discover exceptional magic angles where the band structure changes from purely real to purely imaginary thus featuring flat bands with infinite lifetime. Between them, the bands remain flattened, and a Hermitian magic angle emerges at which the imaginary part of energy is maximal, and corresponds to the usual magic angle in nondissipative, purely Hermitian TBG. We propose an optical lattice setup with gain and loss where our theoretical predictions can be verified. These results suggest the robustness of the flat bands in open systems, paving the way for the further studies on the interplay of dissipative effects, electronic topology, and interactions in such NH moir'e bands.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226602 (2025)
Flat bands, Non-Hermitian systems, Twisted bilayer graphene
Absence of Altermagnetic Magnon Band Splitting in ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}$
Research article | Exchange interaction | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
V. C. Morano, Z. Maesen, S. E. Nikitin, J. Lass, D. G. Mazzone, and O. Zaharko
Altermagnets are collinear compensated magnets in which the magnetic sublattices are related by rotation rather than translation or inversion. One of the quintessential properties of altermagnets is the presence of split chiral magnon modes. Recently, such modes have been predicted in ${\mathrm{MnF}}{2}$. Here, we report inelastic neutron scattering results on an ${\mathrm{MnF}}{2}$ single crystal along high-symmetry Brillouin zone paths for which the magnon splitting is expected. Within the resolution of our measurement, we do not observe the predicted splitting. The inelastic spectrum is well modeled using ${J}{1}$, ${J}{2}$, ${J}{3}$ nearest-neighbor exchange interactions with weak uniaxial anisotropy. These interactions have higher symmetry than the crystal lattice, while the interactions predicted to produce the altermagnetic splitting are negligibly small. Therefore, the two magnon modes appear to be degenerate over the entire Brillouin zone and the spin dynamics of ${\mathrm{MnF}}{2}$ is indistinguishable from a classical N'eel antiferromagnet. Application of a magnetic field causes a Zeeman splitting of the magnon modes close to the $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ point. Even if chiral magnon modes are allowed by altermagnetic symmetry, the splitting in real materials such as ${\mathrm{MnF}}_{2}$ can be negligibly small.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226702 (2025)
Exchange interaction, Magnetic anisotropy, Magnons, Altermagnets, Antiferromagnets, Insulators, Inelastic neutron scattering
Universal Theoretical Elucidation of Electrobending Deformation in Piezoelectrics
Research article | Electric polarization | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Zhi Tan, Xiang Lv, Laiming Jiang, Xing Huang, Jie Xing, Shaoxiong Xie, Hui Zhang, and Jianguo Zhu
The origin of frequently observed ultrahigh electro-induced longitudinal strain, ranging from 1% to 26%, remains an open question. While recent studies have associated this phenomenon with bending deformation, the underlying mechanisms and the pronounced thickness dependence of the nominal strain have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the bending in piezoelectrics can be induced by a nonzero gradient of ${d}{31}$ across thickness direction. A scaling law (${\eta }{3,\mathrm{nom}}\propto {L}^{2}{E}{3}{\nabla }{z}{d}{31}/t$) is derived to quantify the size dependence, thereby resolving longstanding ambiguities surrounding reported ‘’giant’’ electrostrains. Simulations reveal that in standard perovskite piezoceramics, such as ${\mathrm{KNbO}}{3}$, a 0.69% concentration of oxygen vacancies can induce a $6.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{pC}/\mathrm{N}$ variation in ${d}{31}$ by suppressing polarization rotation, being sufficient to produce ultrahigh nominal strain in thin samples. Numerous factors, including gradients in defect concentration, composition, and stress, may lead to sufficient inhomogeneity in the distribution of ${d}{31}$, suggesting electrobending may be a widespread phenomenon. This Letter presents a unified framework for understanding electrobending deformation, offering deeper insight into the mechanisms behind abnormally giant electrostrain responses in diverse piezoelectric systems and may encourage new engineering applications.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 226801 (2025)
Electric polarization, Ferroelectricity, Piezoelectricity, Polycrystalline materials, First-principles calculations
Theory of the Photonic Joule Effect in Superconducting Circuits
Research article | Chaos | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Samuel Cailleaux, Quentin Ficheux, Nicolas Roch, and Denis M. Basko
When a small system is coupled to a bath, it is generally assumed that the state of the bath remains unaffected by the system due to the bath’s large number of degrees of freedom. Here, we show theoretically that this assumption can be easily violated for photonic baths typically used in experiments involving superconducting circuits. We analyze the dynamics of a voltage-biased Josephson junction coupled to a photonic bath, represented as a long Josephson junction chain. Our findings show that the system can reach a nonequilibrium steady state where the photonic degrees of freedom become significantly overheated, leading to a qualitative change in the current-voltage $I–V$ curve. This phenomenon is analogous to the Joule effect observed in electrical conductors, where flowing current can substantially heat up electrons. Recognizing this effect is crucial for the many applications of high-impedance environments in quantum technologies.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 227001 (2025)
Chaos, Dissipative dynamics, Josephson junctions, Many-body techniques
Visitation Dynamics of $d$-Dimensional Fractional Brownian Motion
Research article | Fractional Brownian motion | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Léo Régnier, Maxim Dolgushev, and Olivier Bénichou
The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is a paradigmatic strongly non-Markovian process with broad applications in various fields. Despite their importance, the properties of the territory covered by a $d$-dimensional fBm have remained elusive so far. Here, we study the visitation dynamics of the fBm by considering the time ${\tau }{n}$ required to visit a site, defined as a unit cell of a $d$-dimensional lattice, when $n$ sites have been visited. Relying on scaling arguments, we determine all temporal regimes of the probability distribution function of ${\tau }{n}$. These results are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations that employ large deviation Monte Carlo algorithms. Besides these theoretical aspects, our results account for the tracking data of telomeres in the nucleus of mammalian cells, microspheres in an agorose gel, and vacuoles in the amoeba, which are experimental realizations of fBm.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 227102 (2025)
Fractional Brownian motion, Random walks, First passage problems
Kinetic Energy Diffusivity and Scaling Velocity Correlation Functions
Research article | Classical statistical mechanics | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Jing-Dong Bao and Fabio Marchesoni
We propose a Green-Kubo-like relation for kinetic energy diffusivity to investigate the interplay between ergodicity and anomalous diffusion. This approach introduces a fluctuation metric for the time-averaged kinetic energy, which holds for scaling velocity correlation functions. We demonstrate that as stationary diffusive systems transition into an effective ergodic phase, their kinetic energy metric converges to a universal law. This finding provides a robust framework for understanding the dynamics of such systems. Applications to protein folding and single-particle tracking illustrate the practical utility of our approach, offering a clear prescription for extracting key physical parameters, such as the friction constant and relaxation time, from finite experimental datasets. Importantly, this method remains effective even when the underlying processes exhibit weak ergodicity breaking or are bounded. Furthermore, we explore the nonergodic transition associated with the aging velocity correlation function observed in granular gases.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 227103 (2025)
Classical statistical mechanics, Fluctuations & noise, Irreversible processes, Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Not-So-Glass-Like Caging and Fluctuations of an Active Matter Model
Research article | Brownian motion | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Mingyuan Zheng, Dmytro Khomenko, and Patrick Charbonneau
Simple active models of matter recapitulate complex biological phenomena. The out-of-equilibrium nature of these models, however, often makes them beyond the reach of first-principle descriptions. This limitation is particularly perplexing when attempting to distinguish between different glass-forming mechanisms. We here consider a minimal active system in various spatial dimensions to identify the processes underlying their sluggish dynamics. Activity is found to markedly impact cage escape processes and critical fluctuations associated with exploring lower-dimensional caging features.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 228301 (2025)
Brownian motion, Dynamical phase transitions, Escape problems, Glass transition, Active Brownian particles, Glassy systems, Self-propelled particles, Brownian dynamics
Erratum: Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order QCD Corrections to Pion Electromagnetic Form Factors [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 201901 (2024)]
| 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
L. B. Chen, W. Chen, F. Feng, and Y. Jia
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 229901 (2025)
Physical Review X
Defect Complexes in CrSBr Revealed Through Electron Microscopy and Deep Learning
Research article | Defects | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Mads Weile, Sergii Grytsiuk, Aubrey Penn, Daniel G. Chica, Xavier Roy, Kseniia Mosina, Zdenek Sofer, Jakob Schiøtz, Stig Helveg, Malte Rösner, Frances M. Ross, and Julian Klein
A combination of electron microscopy and machine learning reveals and classifies atomic defects in CrSBr, several of which seem to be quantum emitter candidates–key for quantum communication and sensing.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 021080 (2025)
Defects, Layered crystals, Magnetic semiconductors, Deep learning, Density functional theory, Machine learning, Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Nanosecond Ferroelectric Switching of Intralayer Excitons in Bilayer $3\mathrm{R}\text{-}{\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ through Coulomb Engineering
Research article | Ferroelectrics | 2025-06-04 06:00 EDT
Jing Liang, Yuan Xie, Dongyang Yang, Shangyi Guo, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jerry I. Dadap, David Jones, and Ziliang Ye
Rhombohedral-stacked MoS2 enables ultrafast, low-energy, nonvolatile optical switching via sliding ferroelectricity and Coulomb engineering, paving the way for energy-efficient reconfigurable photonic devices.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 021081 (2025)
Ferroelectrics, Transition metal dichalcogenides
arXiv
Novel Experimental Platform to realize One-dimensional Quantum Fluids
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Stephanie McNamara, Prabin Parajuli, Sutirtha Paul, Garfield Warren, Adrian Del Maestro, Paul E. Sokol
Templated porous materials, such as MCM-41, due to the uniformity of their onedimensional structure and scalability in synthesis, have emerged as an attractive medium for studying one-dimensional quantum fluids. However, the experimental challenge of synthesizing these materials with pore radii smaller than 15 Angstroms hinders the realization of a one-dimensional quantum liquid of helium within such systems, as the coherence length of helium is shorter than the pore radius. Recently, DelMaestro et. al. have preplated MCM-41 with Ar resulting in a reduction of the pore size and a softening of the adsorption potential allowing them to observe 1D Tomanga-Luttinger liquid like behavior. In this paper we present a novel method to obtain an even more ideal environment for studying the behavior of 1D 4He. We propose preplating MCM-41 pores with cesium (Cs) metal. The non-wetting nature of helium on a Cs-coated surface, coupled with the large atomic radius of cesium, creates an optimal environment for confining a quantum liquid of helium in one-dimensional geometry. We present preliminary measurements of adsorption isotherms and Small Angle X-ray Scattering studies that 1reveal a reduction in pore radius upon preplating MCM-41 with Cs, demonstrating promising prospects for facilitating the realization of one-dimensional quantum fluids in templated porous materials.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
10 pages, 3 figures
Tensor Renormalization Group Meets Computer Assistance
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Nikolay Ebel, Tom Kennedy, Slava Rychkov
Tensor renormalization group, originally devised as a numerical technique, is emerging as a rigorous analytical framework for studying lattice models in statistical physics. Here we introduce a new renormalization map - the 2x1 map - which coarse-grains the lattice anisotropically by a factor of two in one direction followed by a 90-degree rotation. We develop a novel graphical language that translates the action of the 2x1 map into a system of inequalities on tensor components, with rigorous estimates in the Hilbert-Schmidt norm. We define a finite-dimensional “bounding box” called the hat-tensor, and a master function governing its RG flow. Iterating this function numerically, we establish convergence to the high-temperature fixed point for tensors lying within a quantifiable neighborhood. Our main theorem shows that tensors with deviations bounded by 0.02 in 63 orthogonal sectors flow to the fixed point. We also apply the method to specific models - the 2D Ising and XY models - obtaining explicit bounds on their high-temperature phase. This work brings the Tensor RG program closer towards a rigorous, computer-assisted construction of critical fixed points.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
42+4 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, open source code
Phonon-Mediated Intrinsic Topological Superconductivity in Fermi Arcs
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Kristian Mæland, Masoud Bahari, Björn Trauzettel
We propose that phonons can mediate topological superconductivity on the surface of Weyl semimetals. Weyl semimetals are gapless topological materials with nondegenerate zero energy surface states known as Fermi arcs. We derive the phonon spectrum and electron-phonon coupling in an effective model of a Weyl semimetal and apply weak-coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity. In a slab geometry, we demonstrate that surface superconductivity dominates over bulk superconductivity in a wide range of chemical potentials. The superconducting gap function realizes spinless chiral $ p$ -wave superconductivity in the Fermi arcs, leading to Majorana bound states in the core of vortices. Furthermore, we show a suppression of the absolute value of the gap in the center of the arc, which is not captured by a local Hubbard attraction. The suppression is due to the nonlocal origin of electron-phonon coupling, leading to a layer dependence which has important consequences for topological surface states.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
6+10 pages, 3+4 figures
Control of intervalley scattering in Bi$_2$Te$_3$ via temperature-dependent band renormalization
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
A. Jabed, F. Goto, B. Frimpong, D. Armanno, A. Longa, M. Michiardi, A. Damascelli, P. Hofmann, G. Jargot, H. Ibrahim, F. Légaré, N. Gauthier, S. Beaulieu, F. Boschini
The control of out-of-equilibrium electron dynamics in topological insulators is essential to unlock their potential in next-generation quantum technologies. However, the role of temperature on the renormalization of the electronic band structure and, consequently, on electron scattering processes is still elusive. Here, using high-resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), we show that even a modest ($ \sim$ 15 meV) renormalization of the conduction band of Bi$ _2$ Te$ _3$ can critically affect bulk and surface electron scattering processes. Supported by a kinetic Monte Carlo toy-model, we show that temperature-induced changes in the bulk band structure modulate the intervalley electron-phonon scattering rate, reshaping the out-of-equilibrium response. This work establishes temperature as an effective control knob for engineering scattering pathways in topological insulators.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Altermagnetic polarons
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Maria Daghofer, Krzysztof Wohlfeld, Jeroen van den Brink
While a spin-dependent band splitting is one of the characteristic features of altermagnets, the conventional band picture itself breaks down in the many altermagnets that are correlated Mott materials. We employ two numerical many-body methods, the self-consistent Born approximation and variational cluster approach, to explore this strongly correlated regime and investigate hole motion in Mott altermagnets. Our results reveal that spin-dependent spectral-weight transfer is the dominant signature of Mott altermagnetism. This pronounced spin-momentum locking of the quasiparticle spectral weight arises from the formation of altermagnetic polarons, whose dynamics are governed by the interplay between free hole motion and the coupling of the hole to magnon excitations in the altermagnet. We demonstrate this effect by calculating ARPES spectra for two canonical altermagnetic systems: the checkerboard $ J$ -$ J’$ model and the Kugel-Khomskii spin-orbital altermagnet based on cubic vanadates $ R$ VO$ _3$ ($ R$ =La, Pr, Nd, Y).
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
9 pages and 8 figures including supplemental material
Spin-glass state in nickelate superconductors
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
David R. Saykin, Martin Gonzalez, Jennifer Fowlie, Steven A. Kivelson, Harold Hwang, Aharon Kapitulnik
Magneto-optical measurements in La$ {}{0.8}$ Sr$ {}{0.2}$ NiO$ {}2$ and Nd$ {}{0.825}$ Sr$ {}{0.175}$ NiO$ {}2$ reveal an intriguing new facet of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors: the onset of spin-glass behavior at a temperature far exceeding the superconducting critical temperature $ T_c$ . This discovery sharply contrasts with copper oxide superconductors, where magnetism and superconductivity remain largely exclusive. Moreover, the magnitude and onset temperature of the polar Kerr effect in Nd$ {}{0.825}$ Sr$ {}{0.175}$ NiO$ {}_2$ fabricated on SrTiO$ {}_3$ and (LaAlO$ {}3$ )$ {}{0.3}$ (Sr$ {}_2$ TaAlO$ {}6$ )$ {}{0.7}$ substrates differ dramatically, while $ T_c$ does not.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
10 pages, 11 figures
Theory of Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy of Altermagnetic Mott Insulators
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Lorenzo Lanzini, Purnendu Das, Michael Knap
Altermagnetism has emerged as an unconventional form of collinear magnetism with spatial rotational symmetries, that give rise to strongly spin-split bands despite of an underlying fully-compensated antiferromagnetic order. Here, we develop a theory for the Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) response of altermagnetic Mott insulators. Crucially, the spectrum does not simply reflect the non-interacting band structure, but instead a magnetic polaron is formed at low energies, that can be interpreted as a spinon-holon bound state. We develop a spinon-holon parton theory and predict a renormalized bandwidth that we confirm by tensor network simulations. We analyze the characteristic spin-split spectrum and identify a spin-dependent spectral weight of the magnetic polaron, resulting from the altermagnetic symmetry. Our work paves the way for a systematic study of doping effects and correlation phenomena in altermagnetic Mott insulators.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
5+5 pages, 4+5 figures
Graphene Electro-Absorption Modulators for Energy-Efficient and High-Speed Optical Transceivers
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
M. Tiberi, A. Montanaro, C. Wen, J. Zhang, O. Balci, S. M. Shinde, S. Sharma, A. Meersha, H. Shekhar, J. E. Muench, B. R. Conran, K. B. K. Teo, M. Ebert, X. Yan, Y. Tran, M. Banakar, C. Littlejohns, G. T. Reed, M. Romagnoli, A. Ruocco, V. Sorianello, A. C. Ferrari
The increasing demand for energy-efficient hardware for artificial intelligence (AI) and data centres requires integrated photonic solutions delivering optical transceivers with Tbit/s data rates and energy consumption$ <$ 1pJ/bit. Here, we report double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulators on Si optimized for energy-efficient and ultra-fast operation, demonstrating 67GHz bandwidth and 80Gbit/s data rate, in both O and C bands, using a fabrication tailored for wafer-scale integration. We measure a data rate$ \sim$ 1.6 times larger than previously reported for graphene. We scale the modulator’s active area down to 22$ \mu$ m$ ^2$ , achieving a dynamic power consumption$ \sim$ 58fJ/bit, $ \sim$ 3 times lower than previous graphene modulators and Mach-Zehnder modulators based on Si or lithium niobate. We show devices with$ \sim$ 0.037dB/V$ \mu$ m modulation efficiency,$ \sim$ 16 times better than previous demonstrations based on graphene. This paves the way to wafer-scale production of graphene modulators on Si useful for Tbit/s optical transceivers and energy-efficient AI
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Nanoconfinement Effects on Intermolecular Forces Observed via Dewetting
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Tara (Tera)Huang, Evon S. Petek, Reika Katsumata
Although wettability is a macroscopic manifestation of molecular-level forces, such as van der Waals (vdW) forces, the impact of nanoconfinement on material properties in reduced film thickness remains unexplored in predicting film stability. In this work, we investigate how nanoconfinement influences intermolecular interactions using a model trilayer system composed of a thick polystyrene (PS) base, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) middle layer with tunable thickness (15-95 nm), and a 10 nm top PS film. We find that the dewetting behavior of the top PS layer is highly sensitive to middle PMMA thickness, deviating from classical vdW-based predictions that assume bulk material properties. By incorporating nanoconfinement-induced changes in PMMA refractive index into the calculation of the Hamaker constant, we present a modified theoretical framework that successfully captures the observed behavior. This study links dewetting behavior and material property change as a function of underlayer thickness, providing direct evidence that nanoconfinement in soft matter systems significantly influences long-range intermolecular interactions. We show that film stability can be tuned solely by adjusting underlying layer thickness, while preserving both chemistry and thickness of top functional film. This finding carries broad implications for thin-film technologies across scientific and engineering disciplines by enabling performance-targeted interface design.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Itinerant versus localized magnetism in spin gapped metallic half-Heusler compounds: Stoner criterion and magnetic interactions
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
E. Sasıoglu, W. Beida, S. Ghosh, M. Tas, B. Sanyal, S. Lounis, S. Blugel, I. Mertig, I. Galanakis
Spin gapped metals have recently emerged as promising candidates for spintronic and nanoelectronic applications, enabling functionalities such as sub-60mV/dec switching, negative differential resistance, and non-local spin-valve effects in field-effect transistors. Realizing these functionalities, however, requires a deeper understanding of their magnetic behavior, which is governed by a subtle interplay between localized and itinerant magnetism. This interplay is particularly complex in spin gapped metallic half-Heusler compounds, whose magnetic properties remain largely unexplored despite previous studies of their electronic structure. In this work, we systematically investigate the magnetic behavior of spin gapped metallic half-Heusler compounds XYZ (X = Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt; Y = Ti, V, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta; Z = In, Sn, Sb), revealing clear trends. Co- and Ni-based compounds predominantly exhibit itinerant magnetism, whereas Ti-, V-, and Fe-based systems may host localized moments, itinerant moments, or a coexistence of both. To uncover the origin of magnetism, we apply the Stoner model, with the Stoner parameter I estimated from Coulomb interaction parameters (Hubbard U and Hund’s exchange J) computed using the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA). Our analysis shows that compounds not satisfying the Stoner criterion tend to remain non-magnetic. On the contrary compounds, which satisfy the Stoner criterion, generally exhibit magnetic ordering highlighting the crucial role of electronic correlations and band structure effects in the emergence of magnetism. For compounds with magnetic ground states, we compute Heisenberg exchange parameters, estimate Curie temperatures (T_C), and analyze spin-wave properties, including magnon dispersions and stiffness constants.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Efficient implementation of the quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ method on GPU
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Masao Obata, Takao Kotani, Tatsuki Oda
We have developed a multi-GPU version of the quasiparticle self-consistent $ GW$ (QSGW), a cutting-edge method for describing electronic excitations in a first-principles approach. While the QSGW calculation algorithm is inherently well-suited for GPU computation due to its reliance on large-scale tensor operations, achieving a maintainable and extensible implementation is not straightforward. Addressing this, we have developed a GPU version within the \texttt{ecalj} package, utilizing module-based programming style in modern Fortran. This design facilitates future development and code sustainability. Following the summary of the QSGW formalism, we present our GPU implementation approach and the results of benchmark calculations for two types of systems to demonstrate the capability of our GPU-supported QSGW calculations.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Explicit Symplectic Integrators for Massive Point Vortex Dynamics in Binary Mixture of Bose–Einstein Condensates
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
We construct explicit integrators for massive point vortex dynamics in binary mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates proposed by Richaud et al. The integrators are symplectic and preserve the angular momentum of the system exactly. Our main focus is the small-mass regime in which the minor component of the binary mixture comprises a very small fraction of the total mass. The solution behaviors in this regime change significantly depending on the initial momenta: they are highly oscillatory unless the momenta satisfy certain conditions. The standard Runge–Kutta method performs very poorly in preserving the Hamiltonian showing a significant drift in the long run, especially for highly oscillatory solutions. On the other hand, our integrators nearly preserve the Hamiltonian without drifts. We also give an estimate of the error in the Hamiltonian by finding an asymptotic expansion of the modified Hamiltonian for our 2nd-order integrator.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
8 pages, 5 figures
Only the Ambidextrous Can Flock: Two-dimensional Chiral Malthusian Flocks, Time crystals, and the KPZ Equation
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Leiming Chen, Chiu Fan Lee, John Toner
We study two-dimensional chiral dry Malthusian flocks; that is, chiral polar-ordered active matter with neither number nor momentum conservation. In the absence of fluctuations, these form a “time crystal”, in which the velocity rotates uniformly at a fixed frequency. Fluctuations are described by the (2+1)-Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation, which implies short-ranged orientational order. For weak chirality, the system is in the linear regime of the KPZ equation for a wide range of length scales, over which it exhibits quasi-long-ranged orientational order. Our predictions for velocity and density correlations are testable in both simulations and experiments.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
6 pages, 2 figures
Propylenidene: A New Carbon Two-dimensional Material Featuring Tilted Dirac Cones
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Jose A. S. Laranjeira, K. A. L. Lima, Nicolas F. Martins, Luis A. Cabral, L.A. Ribeiro Junior, Julio R. Sambrano
Two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes have drawn significant interest owing to their impressive physical and chemical characteristics. Following graphene’s isolation, a wide range of 2D carbon materials has been suggested, each with distinct electronic, mechanical, and optical traits. Rational design and synthesis of new 2D carbon structures hinge on experimentally reported precursors. Here, we present a 2D carbon allotrope, propylenidene (PPD), originating from the highly strained bicyclopropylidene precursor. PPD forms a rectangular lattice with 3, 8, and 10-membered carbon rings. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations investigate its structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Our study shows PPD is semi-metallic, featuring three tilted Dirac cones at the Fermi level. PPD exhibits absorption in the infrared and visible range, showing directional dependence in its response. Mechanically, PPD exhibits marked anisotropy; Young’s modulus ($ Y$ ) of 219.71 N/m in one direction and 106.16 N/m in the opposite, with an anisotropy ratio of 2.07. The shear modulus ($ G$ ) ranges from 65.38 N/m to 32.39 N/m, yielding an anisotropy ratio of 2.02, reflecting strong directional dependence. These findings underscore the potential of this novel monolayer in applications such as energy storage, gas sensing, and optoelectronics.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
High-pressure Induced Phase Transition and Laser Characterization Response of MAPbBr3 Thin Films
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Xin Tang, Ruilin Li, Shuaiqi Li, Dingke Zhang
The high-pressure behavior of 3D metal halide chalcogenides (MHPs) has been widely studied. In the field of high-pressure technology, the studies on 3D MHPs have focused on the structural and optical properties, where the optical properties are mainly investigated on the photoluminescence behavior, while the laser properties of the materials have not been studied yet. In this paper, MAPbBr3-MAAc films with ionic liquid methylammonium acetate (MAAc) as solvent and conventional MAPbBr3-DMF:DMSO films with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvents were prepared using solvent engineering method. In-situ pressurization testing of both materials using a small-cavity hydrostatic high-pressure device (DAC) was used to investigate the high-pressure optical behavior of the MAPbBr3 films, especially the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties, which, combined with high-pressure in-situ Raman, revealed that the changes in the optical properties of the films under pressure are due to the changes in the crystal structure of the materials. This paper also emphasizes that the optical properties and phase structure stability of MAPbBr3-MAAc films are superior to those of MAPbBr3-DMF:DMSO films under high pressure.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Optics (physics.optics)
Stable supersolids and boselets in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with three-body interactions
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Rajamanickam Ravisankar, Sanu Kumar Gangwar, Henrique Fabrelli, Yongping Zhang, Paulsamy Muruganandam, Pankaj Kumar Mishra, Emmanuel Kengne, Gao Xianlong, Boris A. Malomed
We explore the stability of supersolid striped waves, plane-wave boselets, and other extended states in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive three-body interactions (R3BIs), modeled by quintic terms in the framework of the corresponding Gross-Pitaevskii equations. In the absence of R3BIs, the extended states are susceptible to the modulational instability (MI) induced by the cubic attractive nonlinearity. Using the linearized Bogoliubov-de-Gennes equations, we identify multiple new types of MI, including baseband, passband, mixedband, and zero-wavenumber-gain ones, which give rise to deterministic rogue waves and complex nonlinear wave patterns. Our analysis reveals that R3BIs eliminate baseband and zero-wavenumber-gain MIs, forming, instead, phonon modes that enable stable boselets. Additionally, mixedband and passband MIs are suppressed, which results in a lattice-like phonon-roton mode that supports a stable supersolid phase. These stable supersolids can be realized using currently available ultracold experimental setup.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
13 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Physical Review Research
Multiband superconductivity in the topological Kramers nodal-line semimetals
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Tian Shang, Jianzhou Zhao, Keqi Xia, Lun-Hui Hu, Yang Xu, Qingfeng Zhan, Dariusz Jakub Gawryluk, Toni Shiroka
Recent band-structure calculations predict that the ruthenium-based ternary silicides are three-dimensional Kramers nodal line semimetals. Among them, NbRuSi and TaRuSi show bulk superconductivity (SC) below $ T_c \sim 3$ K and 4 K, as well as spontaneous magnetic fields. The latter indicates the breaking of time-reversal symmetry and, thus, unconventional SC in both compounds. Previous temperature-dependent muon-spin spectroscopy studies failed to distinguish whether such compounds exhibit single-gap or multi-gap SC. Here, we report on systematic measurements of the field-dependent muon-spin relaxation rates in the superconducting state and on temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and specific heat under applied magnetic fields. Both the upper critical field and the field-dependent superconducting relaxation are well described by a two-band model. By combining our experimental results with numerical band-structure calculations, we provide solid evidence for multiband SC in NbRuSi and TaRuSi, and thus offer further insight into the unconventional- and topological nature of their superconductivity.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
9 pages, 8 figures
Three-Majorana Cotunneling Interferometer for Non-Abelian Braiding and Topological Quantum Gate Implementation
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Zhen Chen, Yijia Wu, X. C. Xie
We propose a novel scheme for performing Majorana zero mode (MZM) braiding utilizing cotunneling processes in a three-MZM system incorporating reference arms. This approach relies on the interference between cotunneling paths through the MZMs and reference arms, establishing an effective, tunable coupling between the MZMs. The strength and sign of this coupling can be manipulated via the reference arms and applied magnetic flux. Notably, the introduction of a half quantum flux reverses the coupling sign, enabling an echo-like protocol to eliminate dynamic phases during braiding. Our setup, requiring only three MZMs, represents a minimal platform for demonstrating non-Abelian braiding statistics. We demonstrate that this system facilitates the implementation of Clifford gates via braiding and, significantly, permits the realization of non-Clifford gates, such as the $ T$ gate, by geometric phase, thereby offering a potential pathway towards universal topological quantum computation.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
16 pages, 8 figures
Enhanced and modulable induced superconducting gap and effective Landé g-factor in Pb-InSb hybrid devices
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Guoan Li, Xiaofan Shi, Ziwei Dou, Guang Yang, Jiayu Shi, Marco Rossi, Ghada Badawy, Yuxiao Song, Ruixuan Zhang, Yupeng Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Anqi Wang, Xingchen Guo, Xiao Deng, Bingbing Tong, Peiling Li, Zhaozheng Lyu, Guangtong Liu, Fanming Qu, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, Michał P. Nowak, Paweł Wójcik, Li Lu, Jie Shen
The hybrid system of a conventional superconductor (SC) on a semiconductor (SM) nanowire with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) represents a promising platform for achieving topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes (MZMs) towards topological quantum computation. While aluminum (Al)-based hybrid nanowire devices have been widely utilized, their limited superconducting gap and intrinsic weak SOC as well as small Landé g-factor may hinder future experimental advancements. In contrast, we demonstrate that lead (Pb)-based hybrid quantum devices exhibit a remarkably large and hard proximity-induced superconducting gap, exceeding that of Al by an order of magnitude. By exploiting electrostatic gating to modulate wavefunction distribution and SC-SM interfacial coupling, this gap can be continuously tuned from its maximum value (~1.4 meV, matching the bulk Pb gap) down to nearly zero while maintaining the hardness. Furthermore, magnetic-field-dependent measurements reveal a radial evolution of the gap structure with anti-crossing feature, indicative of strong SOC and huge effective g-factors up to 76. These findings underscore the superior functionality of Pb-based hybrid systems, significantly advancing their potential for realizing and stabilizing MZMs and the further scalable topological quantum architectures.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
The isostructural alpha-gamma phase transition in cerium from the perspective of meta-generalized gradient approximations
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Ashesh Giri, Chandra Shahi, Adrienn Ruzsinszky
Meta-generalized gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) on the third rung of the functional hierarchy are gaining increasing relevance for the electronic structure. Meta-GGAs are constructed from numerous ingredients including the orbital kinetic energy density that make them more flexible than generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) including the heavily used PBE-GGA. Still, most meta-GGAs cope with the expected limitations of a semilocal density functional when band gaps or localization of electrons are needed. On the other hand, meta-GGAs are implicit functionals of the orbitals. This feature resembles hybrid density functionals with exact exchange. Efforts in recent years demonstrate that some meta-GGAs can rise beyond the accuracy of semilocal approximation when band gaps are computed. Cerium is an ideal testbed to challenge some recent meta-GGAs. Cerium shows an isostructural alpha - gamma phase transition with delocalized and localized f electrons in each phase, respectively. Since the phonon entropy term was found negligible in the alpha - gamma phase transition of cerium by accurate experiments, all changes in the transition are driven by electronic correlation. The correlation of f electron systems is hardly captured by semilocal approximations but the recent LAK meta-GGA with ultranonlocality steps out of the framework of conventional semilocal density functionals and delivers spectacular accuracy for the phase transition of cerium. LAK and further meta-GGAs inspired by the success of LAK can open a forefront of meta-GGAs for quantum materials with localized electrons.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
5 pages, 4 figures
Gefitinib-Induced Interface Engineering Enhances the Defect Formation Energy for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Xianhu Wu, Guanglei Cui, Jieyu Bi, Gaojie Xia, Zewen Zuo, Min Gu
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been widely used as a hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the high interface defect density and energy level mismatch between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite can lead to significant open-circuit voltage loss. Additionally, the free PSS chains on the surface of PEDOT:PSS can absorb water molecules, promoting the degradation of perovskite at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface. Here, gefitinib is used to modify the surface of PEDOT:PSS, removing a portion of the free PSS chains from the surface, reducing the PSS/PEDOT ratio, and enhancing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Gefitinib has altered the energy level structure of PEDOT:PSS, facilitating hole transport at the interface. The Cl, F, and NH groups in gefitinib also passivated defects in the perovskite, reducing the defect density at the interface and significantly enhancing the stability of PSCs. This modification increased the open-circuit voltage from 1.077 to 1.110 V and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.01% to 19.63%. When gefitinib was used to modify the interface between SnO2 and perovskite, the PCE of PSCs (ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMETAD/Au) increased from 22.46% to 23.89%. This approach provides new perspectives and strategies for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
One dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with long range hopping
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Interacting one-dimensional bosons with long range hopping decaying as a power law $ r^{-\alpha}$ with distance $ r$ are considered with the renormalization group and the self-consistent harmonic approximation. For $ \alpha\ge 3$ , the ground state is always a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, whereas for $ \alpha <3$ , a ground state with long range order breaking the continuous global gauge symmetry becomes possible for sufficiently weak repulsion. At positive temperature, continuous symmetry breaking becomes restricted to $ \alpha<2$ , and for $ 2<\alpha<3$ , a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with the Tomonaga-Luttinger exponent diverging at low temperature is found.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
RevTex 4, 17 pages, 5 figures
Edge polaritons at metal-insulator boundaries in a phase separated correlated oxide
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Weiwei Luo, Adrien Bercher, Claribel Dominguez, Javier del Valle, Jeremie Teyssier, Javier Taboada-Gutierrez, Alexey B. Kuzmenko
Correlated transition metal oxides, such as cuprates, nickelates, and manganites, are typically considered “bad metals”, where high electromagnetic losses suppress the conventional plasmonic effects observed in noble metals, 2D electron gases, and graphene. Nevertheless, using mid-infrared near-field optical nanoscopy, we demonstrate the emergence of strongly confined and long-propagating edge polaritons (EPs) of mixed phonon-plasmon nature at the boundaries between conducting and insulating regions in thin NdNiO$ _{3}$ films, fingerprinted as a pronounced peak of the near-field signal phase. Our simulations reveal that the electromagnetic nature of the EPs depends significantly on the edge smoothness, being caused by a one-dimensional optical edge state (ES) at abrupt edges while being governed by the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) absorption in the case of broad boundaries. Our findings highlight the critical role of nonlocal plasmonic effects in near-field imaging of phase-separated correlated oxides and open new avenues for infrared plasmonics in this family of materials.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Critical transport behavior in quantum dot solids
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Zachary Crawford, Adam Goga, Mikael Kovtun, Gergely Zimanyi
Due to recent advances, silicon solar cells are rapidly approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33% efficiency. Quantum Dot (QD) solar cells have the potential to surpass this limit and enable a new generation of photovoltaic technologies beyond the capabilities of any existing solar energy modalities. The creation of the first epitaxially-fused quantum dot solids showing broad phase coherence and metallicity necessary for solar implementation has not yet been achieved, and the metal-insulator transition in these materials needs to be explored. We have created a new model of electron transport through QD solids, informed by 3D-tomography of QD solid samples, which considers disorder in both the on-site and hopping terms of the commonly studied Anderson Hamiltonian. We used the transfer matrix method and finite-size scaling to create a dynamic metal-insulator transition phase diagram. For a surprisingly large portion of the parameter space, our model shows a critical exponent distinct from the expected value for the Anderson transition. We show the existence of a crossover region from the universality class of the Anderson transition (AI) to the Chiral Orthogonal class (BDI) due to the addition of weak kinetic (hopping) disorder.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
Zachary Crawford and Adam Goga contributed equally to this work
Dynamic formation of supersolid phase in a mixture of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atoms
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Maciej Lewkowicz, Tomasz Karpiuk, Mariusz Gajda, Mirosław Brewczyk
We numerically study the dynamical properties of a mixture consisting of a dipolar condensate and a degenerate Fermi gas in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. In particular, we focus on the system’s response to a temporal variation in the interaction strength between bosons and fermions. When the interspecies attraction becomes sufficiently strong, we observe a phase transition to a supersolid state. This conclusion is supported by the emergence of an out-of-phase Goldstone mode in the excitation spectrum.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
6 pages, 6 figures
Physics-Based Compact Modeling for the Drain Current Variability in Single-Layer Graphene FETs
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
N. Mavredakis, A. Pacheco-Sanchez, R. Garcia Cortadella, Anton-Guimerà-Brunet, J. A. Garrido, D. Jiménez
For the growth of emerging graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) technologies, a thorough characterization of on-wafer variability is required. Here, we report for the first time a physics-based compact model, which precisely describes the drain current (ID) fluctuations of monolayer GFETs. Physical mechanisms known to generate 1/f noise in transistors, such as carrier number and Coulomb scattering mobility fluctuations, are also revealed to cause ID variance. Such effects are considered in the model by being activated locally in the channel and the integration of their contributions from source to drain results in total variance. The proposed model is experimentally validated from a statistical population of three different-sized solution-gated (SG) GFETs from strong p- to strong n-type bias conditions. A series resistance ID variance model is also derived mainly contributing at high carrier densities.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 3314-3321, Jun. 2025
Ultrafast switching of photoinduced phonon chirality in the antiferrochiral BPO$_{4}$ crystal
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Hao Chen, Hanyu Wang, Tingting Wang, Yongsen Tang, Haoshu Li, Xiaohong Yan, Lifa Zhang
In crystalline systems, chiral crystals cannot interconvert to their enantiomorph post-synthesis without undergoing melting-recrystallization processes. However, recent work indicates that ultrafast terahertz-polarized light has been shown to enable dynamic control of structural chirality in the antiferrochiral boron phosphate (BPO$ _4$ ) crystal. Here, using first-principles calculations and nonlinear phonon dynamics simulations, we investigate the underlying physics of lattice dynamics in this system. The results demonstrate that polarized optical pumping not only induces chiral phonons but also establishes a chirality-selective filtering mechanism, both of which can be reversibly switched by tuning the polarization of the excitation pulse. Furthermore, under a temperature gradient, the pump-induced chiral phonons give rise to ultrafast phonon magnetization, with its direction also controllable via light polarization. Our findings establish a new paradigm for ultrafast optical control of phonon chirality via dynamic chirality switching, offering promising opportunities for chiral information transfer and the design of chiral phononic devices.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
14 pages, 4 figures
Magic of nonlocal geometric force: lighting up optical transition and transporting angular momentum by chiral phonons
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Hao Chen, Haoshu Li, Lifa Zhang, Qian Niu
We investigate the impact of the nonlocal geometric force – arising from the molecular Berry curvature – on the lattice dynamics of magnetic materials with broken time-reversal symmetry. A first-principles computational framework is established to evaluate this force across the entire Brillouin zone. We apply it to monolayer CoCl$ _2$ , a ferromagnetic half-semiconductor with a narrow bandgap forbidding direct dipolar optical transition. At the phonon Brillouin zone center, the pronounced nonlocal geometric force leads to a splitting of the two upper optical phonon branches by $ 3 \times 10^{-2}$ THz, transforming the phonons into chiral modes. Optical chiral phonons can light up the intravalley dark exciton via absorpting circularly polarized photons. Furthermore, acoustic chiral phonons induced by the nonlocal geometric force can transport angular momentum and contribute to a non-dissipative phonon Hall viscosity.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
6 pages, 4 figures
Efficient and standardized interface energy calculations in hybrid heterostructures using fictitious atoms surface passivation
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Sreejith Pallikkara Chandrasekharan, Sofia Apergi, Charles Cornet, Laurent Pedesseau
Heterostructures combining diverse physico-chemical properties are increasingly in demand for a wide range of applications in modern science and technology. However, despite their importance in materials science, accurately determining absolute interface energies remains a major challenge. This difficulty arises from periodic boundary conditions, high computational costs of plane-wave methods, multipolar interactions in heterostructures, the need for thick slabs for interface convergence, and reconstructed surfaces on both slab faces. Here, we introduce a standardized and computationally efficient fictitious H\ast charge passivation method for the surface termination, designed to accurately determine absolute interface energies in heterogeneous materials associations. This approach effectively addresses issues associated with surface reconstructions while significantly reducing computational costs within the framework of density functional theory. To demonstrate its reliability, we calculate the absolute interface energies for various quasi-lattice-matched and lattice-mismatched abrupt III-V/Si interfaces using the H\ast passivation technique and benchmark the results against those obtained using conventional reconstructed surface methods. We further explore the early stages of strained epitaxial GaAs on Si(001). Finally, we assess the fictitious H\ast passivation method, showing its effectiveness in minimizing electric dipole errors, reducing computational costs, and thus decreasing greenhouse gas emissions from high-performance computing. Finally, the potential of the approach to compute interface energies across a broad spectrum of materials is emphasized.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
24 pages, 3 figures
Spin waves in Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$ studied by high-frequency/high-field ESR: Successes and failures of the triple-$\mathbf{q}$ model
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Luca Bischof, Jan Arneth, Raju Kalaivanan, Raman Sankar, Kwang-Yong Choi, Rüdiger Klingeler
The Kitaev candidate material Na$ _2$ Co$ _2$ TeO$ _6$ is proposed to be proximate to a quantum spin liquid state but a suitable spin model and the nature of its ground states are still under debate. Our high-frequency/high-field electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies of Na$ _2$ Co$ _2$ TeO$ 6$ single-crystals under in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields elucidate the ground state by investigating its low-energy spin wave excitations. Several excitation modes are observed in the low-field phase and in the phases induced by $ B\parallel a^\ast$ . In addition, the spectra exhibit a frequency-independent feature at the phase boundary connected to the putative quantum phase transition. For magnetic fields applied along the $ c$ axis, the observation of three distinct spin wave modes in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state reveals a previously unresolved splitting of the zero-field excitation gap into $ \Delta = 211,$ GHz and $ \Delta_2 = 237,$ GHz. The softening of one of these modes evidences a field-induced phase transition at $ B{\rm c1} = 4.7,$ T, which is corroborated by a clear anomaly in the isothermal magnetization. Spin wave calculations based on the extended Heisenberg-Kitaev model exclude a zigzag ground state of the AFM phase. A triple-q spin configuration correctly predicts two spin wave modes, but fails to reproduce the softening mode. Our analysis shows that the triple-q ground state model of Na$ _2$ Co$ _2$ TeO$ _6$ is incomplete and suggests the relevance of interlayer interactions.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
Scanning gate microscopy probing of anisotropic electron flow in a two dimensional electron gas at the (110) $\mathrm{LaAlO}_3/\mathrm{SrTiO}_3$ interface
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
M. P. Nowak, M. Zegrodnik, D. Grzelec, B. Szafran, R. Citro, P. Wójcik
We theoretically investigate the anisotropic dispersion features of a two dimensional electron gas at the (110) oriented $ \mathrm{LaAlO}_3/\mathrm{SrTiO}_3$ interfaces, as revealed by scanning gate microscopy of electronic flow from a quantum point contact. The dispersion relation of the (110) $ \mathrm{LaAlO}_3/\mathrm{SrTiO}_3$ interface is characterized by a highly non-circular Fermi surface. Here, we develop an efficient tight-binding model for the electron gas at the interface. We show that the anisotropy of the Fermi surface causes both the direction of the electron flux from the quantum point contact and the periodicity of the self-interference conductance fringes to depend strongly on the orientation of the constriction relative to the crystal lattice. We show that the radially non-uniform distribution of the Fermi velocity on the Fermi surface results in skewing of electron trajectories when the quantum point contact gates are not aligned with the in-plane primitive vectors. We show that this effect results in the separation of electrons belonging to different orbitals for wide (110) $ \mathrm{LaAlO}_3/\mathrm{SrTiO}_3$ quantum wells.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Phase stabilization and phase tuning of an optical lattice with a variable period
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
P.A. Aksentsev, V.A. Khlebnikov, I.S. Cojocaru, A.E. Rudnev, I.A. Pyrkh, D.A. Kumpilov, P.V. Trofimova, A.M. Ibrahimov, O.I. Blokhin, K.O. Frolov, S.A. Kuzmin, A.K. Zykova, D.A. Pershin, V.V. Tsyganok, A.V. Akimov
Optical lattices play a significant role in the field of cold atom physics, particularly in quantum simulations. Varying the lattice period is often a useful feature, but it presents the challenge of maintaining lattice phase stability in both stationary and varying-period regimes. Here, we report the realization of a feedback loop for a tunable optical lattice. Our scheme employs a CCD camera, a computer, and a piezoelectric actuator mounted on a mirror. Using this setup, we significantly improved the long-term stability of an optical lattice over durations exceeding 10 seconds. More importantly, we demonstrated a rapid change in the optical lattice period without any loss of phase.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
Non-invasive measurement of local stress inside soft materials with programmed shear waves
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Zhaoyi Zhang, Guo-Yang Li, Yuxuan Jiang, Yang Zheng, Artur L. Gower, Michel Destrade, Yanping Cao
Mechanical stresses in soft materials across different length scales play a fundamental role in understanding the function of biological systems and in the use of artificial materials for engineering soft machines and biomedical devices. Yet it remains a great challenge to probe local mechanical stresses in situ in a non-invasive, non-destructive manner, in particular when the mechanical properties are unknown. To address this challenge, we propose an acoustoelastic imaging-based method to infer the local mechanical stresses in soft materials by measuring the speed of shear waves induced by custom-programmed acoustic radiation force. Using a medical ultrasound transducer to excite and track the shear waves remotely, we demonstrate the application of the method by imaging uniaxial stress and bending stress in an isotropic hydrogel, and the passive uniaxial stress in a skeletal muscle. These measurements were all done without the knowledge of the constitutive parameters of the materials. These examples indicate that our method will find broad applications, ranging from health monitoring of soft structures and machines, to the diagnosis of diseases that alter stresses in soft tissues.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
Science Advances. Vol.9 (2023) eadd4082
Understanding Flow Behaviors of Supercooled Liquids by Embodying Solid-Liquid Duality at Particle Level
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Dong-Xu Yu, Ke-Qi Zeng, Zhe Wang
Supercooled liquids exhibit intricate flow behaviors, which progressively become nonlinear as flow rate increases. Conceptually, this complexity can be understood by the solid-liquid duality in Maxwell’s understanding of materials’ response to external load. Nevertheless, the microscopic foundation of this duality in supercooled liquids remains elusive, thereby impeding the modeling of flow behaviors from a microscopic viewpoint. The existence of dynamic heterogeneity adds to this difficulty. To tackle these problems, we propose the concept of local configurational relaxation time $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ , which is defined at the particle level. The spatial distribution of $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ in flow is heterogeneous. Depending on the comparison between the local mobility measured by $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ and the external shear rate, the response of local regions is either solid-like or liquid-like. In this way, $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ plays a role similar to the Maxwell time. By applying this microscopic solid-liquid duality to different conditions of shear flow, we describe the emergence of shear thinning in steady shear, and predict the major characteristics of the transient response to start-up shear. Furthermore, we reveal a clear structural foundation for $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ and the solid-liquid duality associated with it by introducing an order parameter extracted from local configuration. Thus, we establish a framework that connects microscopic structure, dynamics, local mechanical response, and flow behaviors for supercooled liquids. Finally, we rationalize our framework by leveraging the connection among structure, dynamics, and potential energy landscape (PEL). The PEL model illustrates how local structure, convection and thermal activation collectively determine $ \tau_\rm{LC}$ . Notably, it predicts two distinct response groups, which well correspond to the microscopic solid-liquid duality.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
32 pages, 31 figures
Canceling the elastic Poynting effect with geometry
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
M. Destrade, Y. Du, J. Blackwell, N. Colgan, V. Balbi
The Poynting effect is a paragon of nonlinear soft matter mechanics. It is the tendency (found in all incompressible, isotropic, hyperelastic solids) exhibited by a soft block to expand vertically when sheared horizontally. It can be observed whenever the length of the cuboid is at least four times its thickness. Here we show that the Poynting effect can be easily reversed and the cuboid can shrink vertically, simply by reducing this aspect ratio. In principle, this discovery means that for a given solid, say one used as a seismic wave absorber under a building, an optimal ratio exists where vertical displacements and vibrations can be completely eliminated. Here we first recall the classical theoretical treatment of the positive Poynting effect, and then show experimentally how it can be reversed. Using Finite Element simulations, we then investigate how the effect can be suppressed. We find that cubes always provide a reverse Poynting effect, irrespective of their material properties (in the third-order theory of weakly nonlinear elasticity).
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Physical Review E. Vol. 1007 (2023) L053001
HTSC-2025: A Benchmark Dataset of Ambient-Pressure High-Temperature Superconductors for AI-Driven Critical Temperature Prediction
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Xiao-Qi Han, Ze-Feng Gao, Xin-De Wang, Zhenfeng Ouyang, Peng-Jie Guo, Zhong-Yi Lu
The discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials holds great significance for human industry and daily life. In recent years, research on predicting superconducting transition temperatures using artificial intelligence~(AI) has gained popularity, with most of these tools claiming to achieve remarkable accuracy. However, the lack of widely accepted benchmark datasets in this field has severely hindered fair comparisons between different AI algorithms and impeded further advancement of these methods. In this work, we present the HTSC-2025, an ambient-pressure high-temperature superconducting benchmark dataset. This comprehensive compilation encompasses theoretically predicted superconducting materials discovered by theoretical physicists from 2023 to 2025 based on BCS superconductivity theory, including the renowned X$ _2$ YH$ _6$ system, perovskite MXH$ _3$ system, M$ _3$ XH$ _8$ system, cage-like BCN-doped metal atomic systems derived from LaH$ _{10}$ structural evolution, and two-dimensional honeycomb-structured systems evolving from MgB$ _2$ . The HTSC-2025 benchmark has been open-sourced at this https URL and will be continuously updated. This benchmark holds significant importance for accelerating the discovery of superconducting materials using AI-based methods.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
7 pages, 2 figures
Beyond Diamond: Interpretable Machine Learning Discovery of Coherent Quantum Defect Hosts in Semiconductors
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Mohammed Mahshook, Rudra Banerjee
Quantum point defects in wide bandgap semiconductors-such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond are leading candidates for solid-state spin qubits due to their long coherence times and optically addressable spin states. Yet, identifying host materials capable of supporting such deep-level defects remains a significant challenge, owing to the complex interplay between chemical composition, crystal structure, and electronic environment. Here, we present a scalable, interpretable machine learning framework that combines density functional theory (DFT)-informed descriptors with a structure-agnostic ensemble model to predict quantum-compatible defect-host materials. Trained on a curated dataset from the Materials Project and ICSD, our model achieves a high Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC > 0.95) and assigns confidence scores to guide prioritization of candidates. First-principles calculations of coherence-relevant properties, including static dielectric constants and defect formation energetics, validate key predictions. While high dielectric response is a necessary but not sufficient condition for spin coherence, our model successfully recovers known hosts such as diamond and SiC, and reveals previously overlooked candidates such as WS2 , MgO, CaS and TiO2 . This approach establishes a robust path for discovering next-generation quantum materials, bridging data-driven screening with physically interpretable design principles.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
12 pages including references, 7 figures
«Anticommuting» $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquids
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
We discuss a class of lattice $ S=\frac{1}{2}$ quantum Hamiltonians with bond-dependent Ising couplings with a mutually «anticommuting» algebra of extensively many local $ \mathbb{Z}_2$ conserved charges that was introduced in [arXiv:2407.06236] including the nomenclature. This mutual algebra is reminiscent of the spin-$ \frac{1}{2}$ Pauli matrix algebra but encoded in the structure of \emph{local conserved charges}. These models have finite residual entropy density in the ground state with a simple but non-trivial degeneracy counting and concomitant quantum spin liquidity as proved in [arXiv:2407.06236]. The spin liquidity relies on a geometrically site-interlinked character of the local conserved $ \mathbb{Z}_2$ charges that is rather natural in presence of an «anticommuting» structure. One may contrast this with say the bond-interlinked character of the local conserved $ \mathbb{Z}_2$ charges on the hexagonal plaquettes of the Kitaev honeycomb spin-$ \frac{1}{2}$ model which leads to a mutually commuting local algebra. In this work, we elucidate the differences of this kind of quantum spin liquidity in relation to many-body topological order found in some gapped quantum spin liquids whose canonical example is the Kitaev toric code. The toric code belongs to the more general class of Levin-Wen or string net constructions that possess mutually commuting algebras for the local conserved charges. We will make several exact statements on the kinds of many-body order that can be present within the class of «anticommuting» $ \mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquids co-existing with extensive residual ground state entropy. We will also point out a mutually commuting algebra with local support that are naturally expressed as multi-linear Majorana forms in the Kitaev representation of these quantum spin liquids.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
23 pages, 15 figures, comments welcome
Large Berry curvature effects induced by extended nodal structures: Rational design strategy and high-throughput materials predictions
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Wencheng Wang, Minxue Yang, Wei Chen, Xiangang Wan, Feng Tang
Berry curvature can drastically modify the electron dynamics, thereby offering an effective pathway for electron manipulation and novel device applications. Compared to zero-dimensional nodal points in Weyl/Dirac semimetals, higher-dimensional extended nodal structures, such as nodal lines and nodal surfaces, are more likely to intersect the Fermi surface, leading to large Berry curvature effects without fine-tuning the chemical potential. In this work, we propose a strategy that utilizes straight nodal lines (SNLs) and flat nodal surfaces (FNSs) to design large Berry curvature effects, and we exhaustively tabulate SNLs and FNSs within the 1651 magnetic space groups (MSGs). We demonstrate that SNLs and FNSs can generate large Berry curvature widely distributed in the Brillouin zone. As an application, we identify 158 MSGs that host FNSs, SNLs, or both and allow for nonvanishing anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC). Based on these 158 MSGs, we screen materials from the MAGNDATA magnetic material database for high-throughput calculations, identifying 60 materials with AHC values exceeding $ 500,\Omega^{-1}{\rm cm}^{-1}$ . We select the candidate materials $ \rm SrRuO_3$ and $ \rm Ca_2NiOsO_6$ to demonstrate the contributions of FNSs and SNLs to one and two nonvanishing AHC components, respectively. We also investigate the tuning of AHC through symmetry breaking, outlining all possible symmetry-breaking pathways, and select the candidate material HoNi to demonstrate this approach by applying an external magnetic field. Additionally, we identify Berry curvature quadrupoles in the candidate materials, indicating that our strategy can be generalized to Berry curvature multipole effects. Our work will guide both the theoretical and experimental design of materials with large Berry curvature effects, with significant implications for a wide range of device applications.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
15 pages, 7 figures
Unveiling the different scaling regimes of the one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang–Burgers equation using the functional renormalisation group
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Liubov Gosteva, Nicolás Wschebor, Léonie Canet
The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a celebrated non-linear stochastic equation featuring non-equilibrium scaling. Although in one dimension, its statistical properties are very well understood, a new scaling regime has been reported in recent numerical simulations. This new regime is characterised by a dynamical exponent $ z=1$ , markedly different from the expected one $ z=3/2$ for the KPZ universality class, and it emerges when approaching the inviscid limit. The origin of this scaling has been traced down to the existence of a new fixed point, termed the inviscid Burgers (IB) fixed point, which was uncovered using the functional renormalisation group (FRG). The FRG equations can be solved analytically in the asymptotic regime of vanishing viscosity and large momenta, showing that indeed $ z=1$ exactly at the IB fixed point. In this work, we set up an advanced method to numerically solve the full FRG flow equations in a certain approximation, which allows us to determine in a unified way the correlation function over the whole range of momenta, not restricted to some particular regime. We analyse the crossover between the different fixed points, and quantitatively determine the extent of the IB regime.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
14 pages, 4 figures
Mechanical Degradation of Unentangled Polymer Melts under Uniaxial Extensional Flow
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Mingchao Wang, Stephen Sanderson, Debra J. Searles
Complex flow fields govern the deformation of polymers in various manufacturing processes. However, high flow rates may trigger reaction events (i.e., bond breaking or undesirable reaction of mechanophores) in raw polymeric materials, leading to the mechanical or functional debasement of manufactured structures. Additionally, it is difficult to fully characterize such molecular-level flow in the laboratory due to time- and length-scale limits. In this study, we perform non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to explore the rheological and mechanical degradation of unentangled polymer melts under uniaxial extensional flow (UEF), allowing for chain breaking. Our simulations demonstrate shear thickening-thinning-thickening stages with the increase of UEF extension rates, resulting from flow-induced changes of chain conformation. With further increasing UEF extension rates, a bond-breaking potential leads to another flow thinning stage. Interestingly, fracture kinetics is originally first-order owing to the need for highly stretched polymer chains before bond fracture. It is no longer first-order when bond fracture is instigated before chains are stretched. Our computational work provides insight into the optimal design of the manufacturing process for polymeric materials.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
26 pages + supporting information
Quantum-Hall Spectroscopy of Elliptically Deformed Graphene Nanobubble Qubits
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Myung-Chul Jung, Nojoon Myoung
With recent advances in strain-engineering technology of graphene and 2D materials, graphene quantum dots (QDs) defined by the strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields (PMFs) have been of interest, with the feasibility of tunable graphene qubits. Here, we theoretically investigate how the electronic states of the nanobubble QDs are influenced by the geometrical anisotropy of the elliptical-shape nanobubbles. We examine the energy levels of the single QD (SQD) and double QD (DQD) spectra by varying the elliptical deformation in the $ x$ and $ y$ axes, respectively. We found that the SQD and DQD show distinguished behavior with respect to the direction of the elliptical deformation. While the SQD levels are substantially affected by the $ y$ -directional deformation, the DQD levels are largely shifted by the $ x$ -directional deformation.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Tailoring the resonant spin response of a stirred polariton condensate
New Submission | Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Ivan Gnusov, Alexey Yulin, Stepan Baryshev, Sergey Alyatkin, Pavlos G. Lagoudakis
We report on the enhancement of the spin coherence time (T2) by almost an order-of-magnitude in exciton-polariton condensates through driven spin precession resonance. Using a rotating optical trap formed by a bichromatic laser excitation, we synchronize the trap stirring frequency with the condensate intrinsic Larmor precession, achieving an order of magnitude increase in spin coherence. By tuning the optical trap profile via excitation lasers intensity, we precisely control the resonance width. Here we present a theoretical model that explains our experimental findings in terms of the mutual synchronization of the condensate circular polarization components. Our findings underpin the potential of polariton condensates for spinoptronic devices and quantum technologies.
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Optics (physics.optics)
Flat-band compactons in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Lieb lattice
New Submission | Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Seth Lovett, Paul M. Walker, Anthony Ellul, Edmund Clarke, Maurice S. Skolnick, Dmitry N. Krizhanovskii
We experimentally study the effect of inter-particle interactions on the flat-band states of a two-dimensional Lieb lattice with drive and dissipation. Exploiting the giant nonlinear interactions of exciton polaritons we observe compactly localised solitons (compactons) embedded within the continuum of propagating state bands - a form of nonlinear bound state in the continuum (BIC). The driven-dissipative nature of the system leads to a sudden self-localisation into the compacton state above a threshold power. The experimental results agree well with numerical simulations. These results have implications for the physics of interacting quantum particles in flat-band systems and for generation of quantum-correlated light and spatially multiplexed coherent information transport.
Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
Nernst effect and its thickness dependence in superconducting NbN films
New Submission | Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Thomas Bouteiller, Arthur Marguerite, Ramzy Daou, Dmitry Yakovlev, Cheryl Feuillet-Palma, Dimitri Roditchev, Benoît Fauqué, Kamran Behnia
Superconducting thin films and layered crystals display a Nernst signal generated by short-lived Cooper pairs above their critical temperature. Several experimental studies have broadly verified the standard theory invoking Gaussian fluctuations of a two-dimensional superconducting order parameter. Here, we present a study of the Nernst effect in granular NbN thin films with a thickness varying from 4 to 30 nm, exceeding the short superconducting coherence length and putting the system in the three-dimensional limit. We find that the Nernst conductivity decreases linearly with reduced temperature ($ \alpha_{xy}\propto \frac{T-T_c}{T_c}$ ), but the amplitude of $ \alpha_{xy}$ scales with thickness. While the temperature dependence corresponds to what is expected in a 2D picture, scaling with thickness corresponds to a 3D picture. We argue that this behavior indicates a 2+1D situation, in which the relevant coherence length along the thickness of the film has no temperature dependence. We find no visible discontinuity in the temperature dependence of the Nernst conductivity across T$ _c$ . Explaining how the response of the superconducting vortices evolves to the one above the critical temperature of short-lived Cooper pairs emerges as a challenge to the theory.
Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
10 pages, 7 figures
Note on the interpretation of magnetic diffraction in NdAlSi: helical or fan?
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
We revisit the magnetic structure analysis reported in Nat. Mater. 20, 1650 (2021), which concluded that a Weyl semimetal candidate NdAlSi hosts a helical magnetic order. This conclusion was based on magnetic neutron diffraction peaks corresponding to modulation vectors $ \vec{k}{in} = (1/3, 1/3, 0)$ and $ \vec{k}{out} = (2/3, 2/3, 0)$ , attributed to in-plane and out-of-plane components of the magnetic moments, respectively. Upon careful reanalysis, we suggest that a fan-type magnetic structure–rather than the helix–provides a more consistent interpretation of these data. Unlike a helical structure, fan structures do not exhibit handedness. The distinction has significant implications for interpreting the electromagnetic responses in this material. We believe that our suggestions motivate a re-examination of magnetic structures in NdAlSi and other tetragonal siblings, where the interplay between magnetism and topology is under active investigation.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
3 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Dreaming up scale invariance via inverse renormalization group
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Adam Rançon, Ulysse Rançon, Tomislav Ivek, Ivan Balog
We explore how minimal neural networks can invert the renormalization group (RG) coarse-graining procedure in the two-dimensional Ising model, effectively “dreaming up” microscopic configurations from coarse-grained states. This task-formally impossible at the level of configurations-can be approached probabilistically, allowing machine learning models to reconstruct scale-invariant distributions without relying on microscopic input. We demonstrate that even neural networks with as few as three trainable parameters can learn to generate critical configurations, reproducing the scaling behavior of observables such as magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and Binder ratios. A real-space renormalization group analysis of the generated configurations confirms that the models capture not only scale invariance but also reproduce nontrivial eigenvalues of the RG transformation. Surprisingly, we find that increasing network complexity by introducing multiple layers offers no significant benefit. These findings suggest that simple local rules, akin to those generating fractal structures, are sufficient to encode the universality of critical phenomena, opening the door to efficient generative models of statistical ensembles in physics.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
v1: 12 pages, 11 figures, 55 references
Complex rheology of condensin in entangled DNA
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Filippo Conforto, Antonio Valdes, Willem Vanderlinden, Davide Michieletto
Structural-Maintenance-of-Chromosome (SMC) complexes such as condensins are well-known to dictate the folding and entanglement of interphase and mitotic chromosomes. However, their role in modulating the rheology and viscoelasticity of entangled DNA is not fully understood. In this work, we discover that physiological concentrations of yeast condensin increase both the effective viscosity and elasticity of dense solutions of $ \lambda$ -DNA even in absence of ATP. By combining biochemical assays and single-molecule imaging, we discover that yeast condensin can proficiently bind double-stranded DNA through its hinge domain, in addition to its heads. We further discover that presence of ATP fluidifies the entangled solution possibly by activating loop extrusion. Finally, we show that the observed rheology can be understood by modelling SMCs as transient crosslinkers in bottle-brush-like entangled polymers. Our findings help us to understand how SMCs affect the rheology and dynamics of the genome.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
Violation of Luttinger’s theorem in one-dimensional interacting fermions
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Using the density matrix renormalization group method, we systematically investigate the evolution of the Luttinger integral in the one-dimensional generalized t-V model as a function of filling and interaction strength, identifying three representative phases. In the weak-coupling regime, the zero-frequency Green’s function shows a branch-cut structure at the Fermi momentum, and the Luttinger integral accurately reflects the particle density. As the interaction increases, the spectral weight near the Fermi momentum is gradually suppressed. In the strong-coupling regime near half-filling, the singularity is progressively destroyed, accompanied by zeros in the real part of the Green’s function. This leads to a non-Fermi-liquid metallic phase beyond the Luttinger liquid paradigm. While spectral weight remains at the original Fermi momentum, the singularity fades. Meanwhile, zeros with negligible spectral weight appear elsewhere, significantly affecting the integral. At half-filling, a single-particle gap opens, and the Green’s function vanishes across momentum space, indicating the suppression of low-energy states, consistent with an insulating charge-density-wave phase. These results suggest that the breakdown of the Luttinger theorem arises from the interplay of interaction-driven excitation evolution and particle-hole symmetry breaking, leading to a continuous reconstruction of the generalized Fermi surface from topologically protected to correlation-driven.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
10 pages, 8 figures
Lattice and Orientational Defects Mediate Collective Transport of Confluent Cells
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Jiusi Zhang, Chung Wing Chan, Bo Li, Rui Zhang
Confluent tissues are a type of foam-like biological active matter. There is a recent interest in using active nematic liquid crystal framework to understand confluent cells, where topological (orientational) defects are believed to play a crucial role. However, how to reconcile the physical picture of lattice defects in Voronoi polygons with that of orientational defects in the nematic field$ -$ particularly in the context of cellular transport$ -$ remains elusive. Here, we employ the Active Vertex model to investigate the physics of lattice and orientational defects in the dynamics of confluent cells. We find a spatio-orientational correlation between lattice defects and $ +1/2$ defects, unveiling a correspondence between the two physical perspectives. Next, we simulate the behavior of a dragged cell within a hexagonal-lattice tissue. Our results reveal that while the drag coefficient is anisotropic, the threshold drag force to mobilize the cell is isotropic, indicating the presence of a caging energy barrier. We further analyze the defect pattern in the wake of the dragged cell or cells. Remarkably, we discover that dragging two neighboring cells along the least-drag direction can substantially minimize the destruction of the lattice structure during cell transport. We find that this is due to the cooperative and periodic self-healing of the lattice defects. Taken together, our work sheds new light on the topological structure of confluent cells during their collective motion, advancing our physical understanding of cellular transport in processes such as wound healing, cancer cell metastasis, and other physiological events.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
24 pages, 24 figures
Magneto-photoelectric effect in graphene via tailored potential landscapes
New Submission | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Joris Josiek, Friedemann Queisser, Stephan Winnerl, Ralf Schützhold
We consider the propagation of charge carriers in planar graphene under the combined influence of a constant transversal magnetic field $ B$ and an in-plane varying electric potential $ \phi(x)$ . By suitably designing the potential landscape $ \phi(x)$ , we may effectively steer charge carriers generated by photo-excitation, for example, in order to achieve an efficient charge separation. These finding may pave the way for transport schemes or photoelectric/photovoltaic applications.
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
8 pages, 7 figures
Phase Transition of Topological Index driven by Dephasing
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
We study topological insulators under dephasing noise. With examples of both a $ 2d$ Chern insulator and a $ 3d$ topological insulator protected by time-reversal symmetry, we demonstrate that there is a phase transition at finite dephasing strength between phases with nontrivial and trivial topological indices. Here the topological index is defined through the correlation matrix. The transition can be diagnosed through the spectrum of the whole correlation matrix or of a local subsystem. Interestingly, even if the topological insulator is very close to the topological-trivial critical point in its Hamiltonian, it still takes finite strength of dephasing to change the topological index, suggesting the robustness of topological insulators under dephasing. In the case of Chern insulator, this robustness of the phase with nontrivial Chern number persists near the critical point between the topological and Anderson insulator, which is tuned by the strength of disorder in the Hamiltonian.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
5 pages, 3 figures
Atomic scale structure and dynamical properties of (TeO$2$)${1-x}$-(Na$2$O)${x}$ glasses through first-principles modeling and XRD measurements
New Submission | Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Firas Shuaib, Assil Bouzid, Remi Piotrowski, Gaelle Delaizir, Pierre-Marie Geffroy, David Hamani, Raghvender Raghvender, Steve Dave Wansi Wendji, Carlo Massobrio, Mauro Boero, Guido Ori, Philippe Thomas, Olivier Masson
We resort to first-principles molecular dynamics, in synergy with experiments, to study structural evolution and Na$ ^+$ cation diffusion inside (TeO$ _2$ )$ _{1-x}$ -(Na$ _2$ O)$ _{x}$ (x = 0.10-0.40) glasses. Experimental and modeling results show a fair quantitative agreement in terms of total X-ray structure factors and pair distribution functions, thereby setting the ground for a comprehensive analysis of the glassy matrix evolution. We find that the structure of (TeO$ _2$ )$ _{1-x}$ -(Na$ _2$ O)$ _{x}$ glasses deviates drastically from that of pure TeO$ _2$ glass. Specifically, increasing the Na$ _2$ O concentration leads to a reduction of the coordination number of Te atoms, reflecting the occurrence of a structural depolymerization upon introduction of the Na$ _2$ O modifier oxide. The depolymerization phenomenon is ascribed to the transformation of Te-O-Te bridges into terminal Te-O non bridging oxygen atoms (NBO). Consequently, the concentration of NBO increases in these systems as the concentration of the modifier increases, accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the coordination number of Na atoms. The structure factors results show a prominent peak at 1.4 A, that becomes more and more pronounced as the Na2O concentration increases. The occurrence of this first sharp diffraction peak is attributed to the growth of Na-rich channels inside the amorphous network, acting as preferential routes for alkali-ion conduction inside the relatively stable Te-O matrix. These channels enhance the ion mobility.
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Programmable wrinkling for functionally-graded auxetic circular membranes
New Submission | Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Sairam Pamulaparthi Venkata, Valentina Balbi, Michel Destradea, Dino Accoto, Giuseppe Zurlo
Materials with negative Poisson’s ratio, also known as auxetic materials, display exotic properties such as expansion in all directions under uni-axial tension. For their unique properties, these materials find a broad range of applications in robotic, structural, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.
In this work we study the wrinkling behavior of thin and soft auxetic membranes, subjected to edge tractions. We show that spatial inhomogeneities of the Young modulus and of the Poisson ratio can be suitably tailored to produce non-trivial wrinkling patterns, with wrinkled regions that can appear, broaden, merge, and eventually disappear again, as the magnitude of applied tractions is increased monotonically. To model wrinkling in a functionally graded membrane, we employ the mathematically elegant and physically transparent tension field theory, an approximated method that we implement in commercially available software.
Beyond unveiling the challenging technological potential to achieve non-standard wrinkling on-demand in auxetic membranes, our study also confirms the potential of using tension field theory to study, analytically and numerically, instabilities in functionally graded materials.
Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
Extreme Mechanics Letters. Vol. 63 (2023) 102045
Signatures of the Fermi surface reconstruction of a doped Mott insulator in a slab geometry
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Gregorio Staffieri, Michele Fabrizio
We investigate a hole-doped Mott insulator in a slab geometry using the dynamical cluster approximation. We show that the enhancement of the correlation strength at the surface results in the remarkable evolution of the layer-projected Fermi surface, which exhibits hole-like pockets in the superficial layers, but gradually evolves into a single electron-like surface in the innermost layers. We further analyze the behavior of the Friedel oscillations induced by the surface and identify distinct signatures of the Fermi surface reconstruction as function of hole-doping. In addition, we introduce a computationally tractable quantity that diagnoses the same Fermi surface variation by the concurrent breakdown of Luttinger’s theorem. Both the latter quantity and the Friedel oscillations serve as reliable indicators of the change in Fermi surface topology, without the need for any periodization in momentum space.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
Fluctuations in the number of local minima in discrete-time fractional Brownian motion
New Submission | Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Maxim Dolgushev, Olivier Bénichou
The analysis of local minima in time series data and random landscapes is essential across numerous scientific disciplines, offering critical insights into system dynamics. Recently, Kundu, Majumdar, and Schehr derived the exact distribution of the number of local minima for a broad class of Markovian symmetric walks [Phys. Rev. E \textbf{110}, 024137 (2024)]; however, many real-world systems are non-Markovian, typically due to interactions with possibly hidden degrees of freedom. This work investigates the statistical properties of local minima in discrete-time samples of fractional Brownian motion (fBm), a non-Markovian Gaussian process with stationary increments, widely used to model complex, anomalous diffusion phenomena. We derive expressions for the variance of the number of local minima $ m_N$ in an $ N$ -step discrete-time fBm. In contrast to the mean of $ m_N$ , which depends solely on nearest-neighbor correlations, the variance captures all long-range correlations inherent in fBm. Remarkably, we find that the variance exhibits two distinct scaling regimes: for Hurst exponent $ H < 3/4$ , $ \mathrm{Var}(m_N) \propto N$ , conforming to the central limit theorem (CLT); whereas for $ H > 3/4$ , $ \mathrm{Var}(m_N) \propto N^{4H-2}$ , resulting in the breakdown of the CLT. These findings are supported by numerical simulations and provide deeper insight into the interplay between memory effects and statistical fluctuations in non-Markovian processes.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
12 pages (main text + SM)
Exactly solvable spin liquids in Kitaev bilayers and moiré superlattices
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Ivan Dutta, Anamitra Mukherjee, Onur Erten, Kush Saha
Building on the recent advancements on moiré superlattices, we propose an exactly solvable model with Kitaev-type interactions on a bilayer honeycomb lattice for both AA stacking and moiré superlattices. Employing Monte Carlo simulations and variational analysis, we uncover a rich variety of phases where the intra and interlayer $ \mathbb{Z}2$ fluxes (visons) are arranged in a periodic fashion in the ground state, tuned by interlayer coupling and out-of-plane external magnetic field. We further extend our model to moiré superlattices at various commensurate twist angles around two distinct twist centers represented by $ C{3z}$ and $ C_{6z}$ of the honeycomb lattice. Our simulations reveal generalized patterns of plaquette values correlated with the AA or AB stacking regions across the moiré unit cell. In addition, depending on the twist angle, twist center and interlayer coupling, moiré superlattices exhibit to a variety of gapped and gapless spin liquid phases and can also host corner and edge modes. Our results highlight the rich physics in bilayer and twisted bilayer models of exactly solvable quantum spin liquids.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
15 pages, 12 figures
Topological Mixed States: Axiomatic Approaches and Phases of Matter
New Submission | Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) | 2025-06-05 20:00 EDT
Tai-Hsuan Yang, Bowen Shi, Jong Yeon Lee
For closed quantum systems, topological orders are understood through the equivalence classes of ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians. The generalization of this conceptual paradigm to open quantum systems, however, remains elusive, often relying on operational definitions without fundamental principles. Here, we fill this gap by proposing an approach based on three axioms: ($ i$ ) local recoverability, ($ ii$ ) absence of long-range correlations, and ($ iii$ ) spatial uniformity. States that satisfy these axioms are fixed points; requiring the axioms only after coarse-graining promotes each fixed point to an equivalence class, i.e. a phase, presenting the first step towards the axiomatic classification of mixed-state phases of matter: \emph{mixed-state bootstrap program}.
From these axioms, a rich set of topological data naturally emerges. For example, each topological mixed state supports locally indistinguishable classical and/or quantum logical memories with distinct responses to topological operations. These data label distinct mixed-state phases, allowing one to distinguish them. We further uncover a hierarchy of secret-sharing constraints: in non-Abelian phases, reliable recovery-even of information that looks purely classical – demands a specific coordination among spatial subregions, a requirement different across non-Abelian classes. This originates from non-Abelian fusion rules that can stay robust under decoherence. Finally, we performed large-scale numerical simulations to corroborate stability-weakly decohered fixed points respect the axioms once coarse-grained. These results lay the foundation for a systematic classification of topological states in open quantum systems.
Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
34 pages and 27 figures