CMP Journal 2025-01-17
Statistics
Science: 4
Physical Review Letters: 11
Physical Review X: 1
Science
Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma
Research Article | Cancer | 2025-01-17 03:00 EST
Christina Jackson, Christopher Cherry, Sadhana Bom, Arbor G. Dykema, Rulin Wang, Elizabeth Thompson, Ming Zhang, Runzhe Li, Zhicheng Ji, Wenpin Hou, Wentao Zhan, Hao Zhang, John Choi, Ajay Vaghasia, Landon Hansen, William Wang, Brandon Bergsneider, Kate M. Jones, Fausto Rodriguez, Jon Weingart, Calixto-Hope Lucas, Jonathan Powell, Jennifer Elisseeff, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Michael Lim, Chetan Bettegowda, Hongkai Ji, Drew Pardoll
The role of glioma-associated myeloid cells in tumor growth and immune evasion remains poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of immune and tumor cells from 33 gliomas, identifying two distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDT-WT) glioblastoma: an early progenitor MDSC (E-MDSC) population with up-regulation of metabolic and hypoxia pathways and a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) population. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that E-MDSCs geographically colocalize with metabolic stem-like tumor cells in the pseudopalisading region. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed cross-talk between these cells, where glioma stem-like cells produce chemokines attracting E-MDSCs, which in turn produce growth factors for the tumor cells. This interaction is absent in IDH-mutant gliomas, associated with hypermethylation and repressed gene expression of MDSC-attracting chemokines. Our study elucidates specific MDSCs that may facilitate glioblastoma progression and mediate tumor immunosuppression.
Neuronal-ILC2 interactions regulate pancreatic glucagon and glucose homeostasis
Research Article | Tissue immunology | 2025-01-17 03:00 EST
Marko Šestan, Bruno Raposo, Miguel Rendas, David Brea, Roksana Pirzgalska, Ana Rasteiro, Maria Aliseychik, Inês Godinho, Hélder Ribeiro, Tania Carvalho, Stephan Wueest, Daniel Konrad, Henrique Veiga-Fernandes
The immune system shapes body metabolism, while interactions between peripheral neurons and immune cells control tissue homeostasis and immunity. However, whether peripheral neuroimmune interactions orchestrate endocrine system functions remains unexplored. After fasting, mice lacking type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) displayed disrupted glucose homeostasis, impaired pancreatic glucagon secretion, and inefficient hepatic gluconeogenesis. Additionally, intestinal ILC2s were found in the pancreas, which was dependent on their expression of the adrenergic beta 2 receptor. Targeted activation of catecholaminergic intestinal neurons promoted the accumulation of ILC2s in the pancreas. Our work provides evidence that immune cells can be regulated by neuronal signals in response to fasting, activating an inter-organ communication route that promotes pancreatic endocrine function and regulation of blood glucose levels.
A panoramic view of cell population dynamics in mammalian aging
Research Article | Aging | 2025-01-17 03:00 EST
Zehao Zhang, Chloe Schaefer, Weirong Jiang, Ziyu Lu, Jasper Lee, Andras Sziraki, Abdulraouf Abdulraouf, Brittney Wick, Maximilian Haeussler, Zhuoyan Li, Gesmira Molla, Rahul Satija, Wei Zhou, Junyue Cao
To elucidate aging-associated cellular population dynamics, we present PanSci, a single-cell transcriptome atlas profiling >20 million cells from 623 mouse tissues across different life stages, sexes, and genotypes. This comprehensive dataset reveals >3000 different cellular states and >200 aging-associated cell populations. Our panoramic analysis uncovered organ-, lineage-, and sex-specific shifts in cellular dynamics during life-span progression. Moreover, we identify both systematic and organ-specific alterations in immune cell populations associated with aging. We further explored the regulatory roles of the immune system on aging and pinpointed specific age-related cell population expansions that are lymphocyte dependent. Our “cell-omics” strategy enhances comprehension of cellular aging and lays the groundwork for exploring the complex cellular regulatory networks in aging and aging-associated diseases.
Evolution of interorganismal strigolactone biosynthesis in seed plants
Research Article | Plant science | 2025-01-17 03:00 EST
Anqi Zhou, Annalise Kane, Sheng Wu, Kaibiao Wang, Michell Santiago, Yui Ishiguro, Kaori Yoneyama, Malathy Palayam, Nitzan Shabek, Xiaonan Xie, David C. Nelson, Yanran Li
Strigolactones (SLs) are methylbutenolide molecules derived from β-carotene through an intermediate carlactonoic acid (CLA). Canonical SLs act as signals to microbes and plants, whereas noncanonical SLs are primarily plant hormones. The cytochrome P450 CYP722C catalyzes a critical step, converting CLA to canonical SLs in most angiosperms. Using synthetic biology, we investigated the function of CYP722A, an evolutionary predecessor of CYP722C. CYP722A converts CLA into 16-hydroxy-CLA (16-OH-CLA), a noncanonical SL detected exclusively in the shoots of various flowering plants. 16-OH-CLA application restores control of shoot branching to SL-deficient mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana and is perceived by the SL signaling pathway. We hypothesize that biosynthesis of 16-OH-CLA by CYP722A was a metabolic stepping stone in the evolution of canonical SLs that mediate rhizospheric signaling in many flowering plants.
Physical Review Letters
Limits to Velocity of Signal Propagation in Many-Body Systems: A Quantum Information Perspective
Research article | Quantum metrology | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Piotr Wysocki and Jan Chwedeńczuk
The Lieb-Robinson bound (LRB) states that the range and strength of interactions between the constituents of a complex many-body system impose upper limits to how fast the signal can propagate. It manifests in a light conelike growth of correlation function connecting two distant subsystems. Here, we employ the techniques of quantum information to demonstrate that the LRB can be determined from local measurements performed on a single qubit that is connected to a many-body system. This formulation provides an operational recipe for estimating the LRB in complex systems, replacing the measurement of the correlation function with simple single-particle manipulations. We demonstrate the potency of this approach by deriving the upper limit to the speed of signal propagation in the $XY$ spin chain.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 020201 (2025)
Quantum metrology, Spin dynamics, Quantum many-body systems
Semiclassical Limit of Resonance States in Chaotic Scattering
Research article | Quantum chaos | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Roland Ketzmerick, Florian Lorenz, and Jan Robert Schmidt
Resonance states in quantum chaotic scattering systems have a multifractal structure that depends on their decay rate. We show how classical dynamics describes this structure for all decay rates in the semiclassical limit. This result for chaotic scattering systems corresponds to the well-established quantum ergodicity for closed chaotic systems. Specifically, we generalize Ulam’s matrix approximation of the Perron-Frobenius operator, giving rise to conditionally invariant measures of various decay rates. There are many matrix approximations leading to the same decay rate and we conjecture a criterion for selecting the one relevant for resonance states. Numerically, we demonstrate that resonance states in the semiclassical limit converge to the selected measure. Example systems are a dielectric cavity, the three-disk scattering system, and open quantum maps.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 020404 (2025)
Quantum chaos, Wave chaos, Hamiltonian systems, Microcavity & microdisk lasers, Quantum billiards, Quantum kicked rotor, Phase space methods, Semiclassical methods
Fundamental Limit on the Power of Entanglement Assistance in Quantum Communication
Research article | Quantum channels | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Lasse H. Wolff, Paula Belzig, Matthias Christandl, Bergfinnur Durhuus, and Marco Tomamichel
The optimal rate of reliable communication over a quantum channel can be enhanced by preshared entanglement. Whereas the enhancement may be unbounded in infinite-dimensional settings even when the input power is constrained, a long-standing conjecture asserts that the ratio between the entanglement-assisted and unassisted classical capacities is bounded in finite-dimensional settings [Bennett et al., IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 48, 2637 (2002)]. In this Letter, we prove this conjecture by showing that their ratio is upper bounded by $o({d}^{2})$, where $d$ is the input dimension of the channel. An application to quantum communication with noisy encoders and decoders is given.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 020802 (2025)
Quantum channels, Quantum communication, Quantum entanglement, Quantum information theory
Observation of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{a}{0}(980{)}^{+}$ and Evidence for $\mathrm{\Sigma }(1380{)}^{+}$ in ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^{+}\eta $
Research article | Electroweak interaction | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration)
Based on $6.1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{- 1}$ of ${e}^{+}{e}^{- }$ annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.600 to 4.843 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^{+}\eta $ is performed, and branching fractions and decay asymmetry parameters of intermediate processes are determined. The process ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{a}{0}(980{)}^{+}$ is observed for the first time, and evidence for the pentaquark candidate $\mathrm{\Sigma }(1380{)}^{+}$ decaying into $\mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^{+}$ is found with statistical significance larger than $3\sigma $ with mass and width fixed to theoretical predictions. The branching fraction product $\mathcal{B}[{\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{a}{0}(980{)}^{+}]\mathcal{B}[{a}{0}(980{)}^{+}\rightarrow {\pi }^{+}\eta ]$ is determined to be $(1.05\pm{}0.1{6}{\mathrm{stat}}\pm{}0.0{5}{\mathrm{syst}}\pm{}0.0{7}{\mathrm{ext}})%$, which is larger than theoretical calculations by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Here the third (external) systematic is from $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^{+}\eta )$. Finally, we precisely obtain the absolute branching fraction $\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}{c}^{+}\rightarrow \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^{+}\eta )=(1.94\pm{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.0{7}{\mathrm{stat}}\pm{}0.1{1}_{\mathrm{syst}})%$.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 021901 (2025)
Electroweak interaction, Particle decays, Particle interactions, Particle phenomena, Particle production
Probing Strangeness Hadronization with Event-by-Event Production of Multistrange Hadrons
Research article | Particle & resonance production | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration)
This Letter presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of the net number (difference between the particle and antiparticle multiplicities) of multistrange hadrons ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{- }$ and ${\overline{\mathrm{\Xi }}}^{+}$ and its correlation with the net-kaon number using the data collected by the ALICE Collaboration in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{ {s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. The statistical hadronization model with a correlation over three units of rapidity between hadrons having the same and opposite strangeness content successfully describes the results. On the other hand, string-fragmentation models that mainly correlate strange hadrons with opposite strange quark content over a small rapidity range fail to describe the data.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 022303 (2025)
Particle & resonance production, Particle correlations & fluctuations, Quark-gluon plasma
Optical Imaging of Laser-Driven Fast Electron Weibel-like Filamentation in Overcritical Density Plasma
Research article | Beam-plasma instability | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
N. P. Dover, O. Tresca, N. Cook, O. C. Ettlinger, R. J. Kingham, C. Maharjan, M. N. Polyanskiy, P. Shkolnikov, I. Pogorelsky, and Z. Najmudin
A parametric study of fast electrons penetrating into an overcritical density plasma finds an experimental threshold for the development of the Weibel-like beam-driven filamentation instability and reveals the importance of observed strong collisionless background heating.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 025102 (2025)
Beam-plasma instability, Electron driven instability, Fast ignition, Fast particle effects in plasmas, High intensity laser-plasma interactions, Laser light absorption in plasmas, Plasma-beam interactions
Excitation of Alfv'enic Modes via Electromagnetic Turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X
Research article | Electromagnetic waves & oscillations | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Jörg Riemann, Sara Vaz Mendes, Kian Rahbarnia, Ralf Kleiber, Christoph Slaby, Axel Könies, Matthias Borchardt, Alexey Mishchenko, Henning Thomsen, Charlotte Büschel, Adrian von Stechow, the Wendelstein 7-X Team, Jan-Peter Bähner, Søren Kjer Hansen, and Eric Edlund
In this Letter, we demonstrate by comparison of computer simulations and experimental results that excitation of turbulence-driven electromagnetic secondary instabilities can serve as a paradigm to explain the observed activity of otherwise stable modes in fusion devices. In particular, we discuss the excitation of Alfv'en eigenmodes in electron cyclotron heated plasmas in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. In more than 700 experimental programs of W7-X Operational Phase 1.2b (from which 25 were selected and discussed in this paper), poloidal magnetic fluctuation measurements with a clear Alfv'enic nature are seen to correlate with turbulence density fluctuations. In response, we perform nonlinear, global, gyrokinetic, electromagnetic simulations using profiles consistent with the experimental conditions. The results agree remarkably well with the measurements and reveal excitation of zonal flow activity and long wavelength Alfv'enic modes by ion temperature gradient turbulence. Integer ratios between the primary and secondary growth rates suggest an excitation mechanism similar to the forced-driven excitation of zonal flow by Alfv'en eigenmodes.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 025103 (2025)
Electromagnetic waves & oscillations, Plasma turbulence, Wave-wave, wave-particle interactions, Stellarators & toroidal confinement devices, Electric & magnetic plasma measurements, Gyrofluid & gyrokinetics, Particle-in-cell methods
Symmetry Breaking in the Superionic Phase of Silver Iodide
Research article | Anharmonic lattice dynamics | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Amir Hajibabaei, William J. Baldwin, Gábor Csányi, and Stephen J. Cox
Simulations of superionic silver iodide show the importance of probing long time scales for this kind of material and reveal a new intermediate phase primarily characterized by a broken cation distribution that gives a mechanism for its observed memory effect.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026306 (2025)
Anharmonic lattice dynamics, Anomalous diffusion, Crystal structure, Exotic phases of matter, First order phase transitions, Ionic conductivity, Ionic transport, Phase transitions, Self-diffusion, Solid-state batteries
Multiple Carrier Generation at an Exceptionally Low Energy Threshold
Research article | Excitons | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Riyanka Karmakar, Pravrati Taank, Debjit Ghoshal, Pushpendra Yadav, Dipendranath Mandal, Megha Shrivastava, Amit Agarwal, Matthew C. Beard, Elisa M. Miller, and K. V. Adarsh
Multiple carrier generation (MCG), a process wherein two or more carriers are generated from a single high-energy absorbed photon, holds immense promise for quantum sensing, metrology, low-threshold lasers, and photovoltaics. Despite its potential, MCG has faced obstacles such as low efficiency and a high threshold photon energy at least twice the band gap ($2{E}{g}$) of the semiconductor, limiting its application only to a class of materials with low ${E}{g}$. Here, we present a new approach that overcomes this limitation by leveraging carrier-donor scattering to excite secondary electrons from donor states strategically positioned below the conduction band. Our method relies on strong Coulomb interaction, reduced dielectric screening, slow hot carrier cooling, and strictly follows the energy conservation rules. We experimentally demonstrated this idea in a model system of monolayer (1L) ${\mathrm{MoS}}{2}$ by exploiting electron-donating chalcogen vacancy states. We observed an exceptionally low MCG threshold of $\sim 1.12{E}{g}$ for the first time in 1L ${\mathrm{MoS}}{2}$. Remarkably, the quantum yield can be further increased to $>3$ by increasing the photon energy to $1.65{E}{g}$, representing a substantial advancement over existing methods. Our findings extend the horizon of MCG into next-generation high-performance optoelectronic devices with an on-demand operating spectral range spanning from infrared to ultraviolet.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026903 (2025)
Excitons, 2-dimensional systems, Transient absorption spectroscopy
Twist-Angle-Dependent Valley Polarization of Intralayer Moir'e Excitons in van der Waals Superlattices
Research article | Excitons | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Renqi Wang, Kai Chang, Wenhui Duan, Yong Xu, and Peizhe Tang
Twistronics, which utilizes the moir'e potential to induce exotic excitations in twisted material systems, has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this Letter, using the Bethe-Salpeter calculations based on a continuum model of electronic structures, we explore the optical characteristics of intralayer moir'e excitons in twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. We find the Coulomb exchange interactions strongly influence these excitons and the degree of valley polarization and that the splitting between spin-singlet and spin-triplet moir'e excitons can be effectively controlled by varying the twist angle. Specifically, intralayer bright spin-singlet moir'e excitons confined in a twisted $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}{2}/\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{S}}{2}$ heterostructure can achieve valley polarization levels as high as 90% at small twist angles, which holds promise for future applications in valleytronics. These findings underscore the twist angle as a novel parameter for manipulating the optical properties of moir'e excitons, thereby establishing moir'e semiconductors as a promising platform for investigating many-body physics in solid-state systems.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026904 (2025)
Excitons, Twistronics, Valley degrees of freedom
Unified Flow Rule of Undeveloped and Fully Developed Dense Granular Flows down Rough Inclines
Research article | Bifurcations | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Yanbin Wu, Thomas Pähtz, Zixiao Guo, Lu Jing, Zhao Duan, and Zhiguo He
Measurements of grains flowing down an inclined plane have uncovered general principles that may help researchers model rockslides and other granular flows.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 028201 (2025)
Bifurcations, Granular avalanches, Granular flows, Shear flows, Dry granular materials, Granular fluids, Laser techniques, Particle image velocimetry, Scaling methods
Physical Review X
Spectroscopy and Modeling of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ Rydberg States for High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Gates
Research article | Atomic spectra | 2025-01-17 05:00 EST
Michael Peper, Yiyi Li, Daniel Y. Knapp, Mila Bileska, Shuo Ma, Genyue Liu, Pai Peng, Bichen Zhang, Sebastian P. Horvath, Alex P. Burgers, and Jeff D. Thompson
Experimentally validated modeling of the Rydberg states of Yb leads to a two-qubit quantum gate with higher fidelity than previous Yb Rydberg gates.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 011009 (2025)
Atomic spectra, Electronic structure of atoms & molecules, Fine & hyperfine structure, Long-range interactions, Quantum gates, Qubits, Rydberg gases, Single- and few-photon ionization & excitation, Stark effect, Van der Waals interaction