CMP Journal 2025-01-14
Statistics
Nature Physics: 2
Physical Review Letters: 19
Physical Review X: 1
Nature Physics
Schrödinger cat states of a nuclear spin qudit in silicon
Original Paper | Quantum information | 2025-01-13 19:00 EST
Xi Yu, Benjamin Wilhelm, Danielle Holmes, Arjen Vaartjes, Daniel Schwienbacher, Martin Nurizzo, Anders Kringhøj, Mark R. van Blankenstein, Alexander M. Jakob, Pragati Gupta, Fay E. Hudson, Kohei M. Itoh, Riley J. Murray, Robin Blume-Kohout, Thaddeus D. Ladd, Namit Anand, Andrew S. Dzurak, Barry C. Sanders, David N. Jamieson, Andrea Morello
High-dimensional quantum systems are a valuable resource for quantum information processing. They can be used to encode error-correctable logical qubits, which has been demonstrated using continuous-variable states in microwave cavities or the motional modes of trapped ions. For example, high-dimensional systems can be used to realize ‘Schrödinger cat' states, which are superpositions of widely displaced coherent states that can be used to illustrate quantum effects at large scales. Recent proposals have suggested encoding qubits in high-spin atomic nuclei, which are finite-dimensional systems that can host hardware-efficient versions of continuous-variable codes. Here we demonstrate the creation and manipulation of Schrödinger cat states using the spin-7/2 nucleus of an antimony atom embedded in a silicon nanoelectronic device. We use a multi-frequency control scheme to produce spin rotations that preserve the symmetry of the qudit, and we constitute logical Pauli operations for qubits encoded in the Schrödinger cat states. Our work demonstrates the ability to prepare and control non-classical resource states, which is a prerequisite for applications in quantum information processing and quantum error correction, using our scalable, manufacturable semiconductor platform.
Quantum information, Qubits
Observation of Joule-Thomson photon-gas expansion
Original Paper | Nonlinear optics | 2025-01-13 19:00 EST
Marco S. Kirsch, Georgios G. Pyrialakos, Richard Altenkirch, Mahmoud A. Selim, Julius Beck, Tom A. W. Wolterink, Huizhong Ren, Pawel S. Jung, Mercedeh Khajavikhan, Alexander Szameit, Matthias Heinrich, Demetrios N. Christodoulides
In recent years, a self-consistent optical thermodynamic framework has emerged that offers a systematic methodology to understand, harness and exploit the complex collective dynamics of multimode nonlinear systems. These developments now allow consideration of a series of long-standing problems in optics, including the prospect of funnelling the entire power flowing in a multimode system into its ground state, for which no methodology currently exists. Here we demonstrate an all-optical Joule-Thomson expansion process mediated by photon-photon interactions whereby the temperature of the optical gas drops abruptly to zero. Our experiments in various configurations of coupled multicore nonlinear waveguide arrangements illustrate how light undergoing expansion-induced cooling can be channelled from arbitrary input states into the fundamental mode with near-unity efficiency. We show that the stability of the post-expansion state is ensured through an irreversible process of energy conversion. The all-optical thermodynamic phenomena explored in this study may enable innovative techniques where various uncorrelated but identical sources are merged into a unified spatially coherent state, offering a route for direct beam combining.
Nonlinear optics, Nonlinear phenomena
Physical Review Letters
Thermal Area Law in Long-Range Interacting Systems
Research article | Mathematical physics | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Donghoon Kim, Tomotaka Kuwahara, and Keiji Saito
The area law of the bipartite information measure characterizes one
of the most fundamental aspects of quantum many-body physics. In thermal
equilibrium, the area law for the mutual information universally holds
at arbitrary temperatures as long as the systems have short-range
interactions. In systems with power-law decaying interactions,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 020402 (2025)
Mathematical physics, Quantum correlations in quantum information, Quantum entanglement, Quantum information theory, Quantum statistical mechanics, Lattice models in statistical physics, Quantum many-body systems, Many-body techniques, Mathematical physics methods
Quantized Axial Charge of Staggered Fermions and the Chiral Anomaly
Research article | Anomalies | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Arkya Chatterjee, Salvatore D. Pace, and Shu-Heng Shao
In the
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 021601 (2025)
Anomalies, Lattice field theory, Chiral symmetry
Distinguishing Dirac from Majorana Heavy Neutrino at Future Lepton Colliders
Research article | Extensions of fermion sector | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Qing-Hong Cao, Kun Cheng, and Yandong Liu
We propose to identify whether a sterile neutrino is Dirac-type or Majorana-type by counting the peak of the rapidity distribution at lepton colliders. Our method requires only one charged-lepton tagging, and the nature of sterile neutrinos can be pinned down once they are confirmed.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 021801 (2025)
Extensions of fermion sector, Particle detection signatures, Heavy neutrinos, Majorana neutrinos, Lepton colliders
First Direct Search for Light Dark Matter Using the NEON Experiment at a Nuclear Reactor
Research article | Extensions of gauge sector | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
J. J. Choi, C. Ha, E. J. Jeon, J. Y. Kim, K. W. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. K. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. J. Ko, B. C. Koh, S. H. Lee, I. S. Lee, H. Lee, H. S. Lee, J. S. Lee, Y. M. Oh, and B. J. Park (NEON Collaboration)
We report new results from the neutrino elastic scattering
observation with NaI (NEON) experiment in the search for light dark
matter (LDM) using
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 021802 (2025)
Extensions of gauge sector, Invisible decays, Particle dark matter
Deciphering Hypertriton and Antihypertriton Spins from Their Global Polarizations in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Research article | Particle & resonance production | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Kai-Jia Sun, Dai-Neng Liu, Yun-Peng Zheng, Jin-Hui Chen, Che Ming Ko, and Yu-Gang Ma
Understanding the properties of hypernuclei is crucial for
constraining the nature of hyperon-nucleon (
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 022301 (2025)
Particle & resonance production, Quark-gluon plasma, Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Stepping
into the Sea of Instability: The New Sub- Superheavy
Nucleus
Research article | Fission | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
J. Khuyagbaatar, P. Mosat, J. Ballof, R. A. Cantemir, Ch. E. Düllmann, K. Hermainski, F. P. Heßberger, E. Jäger, B. Kindler, J. Krier, N. Kurz, S. Löchner, B. Lommel, B. Schausten, Y. Wei, P. Wieczorek, and A. Yakushev
The discovery of an isotope, rutherfordium-252, whose ground state forestalls fission for just 60 nanoseconds, could help theorists understand the cosmic synthesis of superheavy elements.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 022501 (2025)
Fission, Isomer decays, Nuclear structure & decays, A ≥ 220
First
Identification of Excited States in and Implications for
Isospin Nonconserving Forces in Nuclei
Research article | Double beta decay | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
G. L. Zimba et al.
At a fundamental level, the interactions between protons and protons,
protons and neutrons, and neutrons and neutrons are not identical. Such
isospin nonconserving interactions emerge when comparing the excitation
energy of analog states in
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 022502 (2025)
Double beta decay, Nuclear forces, Nuclear structure & decays, Nucleon-nucleon interactions, 59 ≤ A ≤ 89, Density functional theory, Shell model, Spectrometers & spectroscopic techniques
Observation of Relaxation Stages in a Nonequilibrium Closed Quantum System: Decaying Turbulence in a Trapped Superfluid
Research article | Cold atoms & matter waves | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
M. A. Moreno-Armijos, A. R. Fritsch, A. D. García-Orozco, S. Sab, G. Telles, Y. Zhu, L. Madeira, S. Nazarenko, V. I. Yukalov, and V. S. Bagnato
The dynamics of nonequilibrium closed quantum systems and their route to thermalization are of fundamental interest to several fields, from cosmology to particle physics. However, a comprehensive description of nonequilibrium phenomena still presents a significant challenge. In this work, we report the observation of distinct stages during the relaxation of the decaying turbulence in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Our findings show a direct particle cascade from low to high momenta, a consequence of the energy injection in the system, exhibiting a characteristic universal scaling. This stage is followed by an inverse particle cascade responsible for repopulating the previously depleted condensate. Both cascades can be explained through self-similar solutions provided by wave turbulence theory. These findings provide important insights into the relaxation stages of out-of-equilibrium quantum many-body systems.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 023401 (2025)
Cold atoms & matter waves, Superfluidity, Turbulence, Bose-Einstein condensates, Nonequilibrium systems, Cooling & trapping
Quantum State Transfer via a Multimode Resonator
Research article | Cavity quantum electrodynamics | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Yang He and Yu-Xiang Zhang
Large-scale fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computation needs
rapid quantum communication to network qubits fabricated on different
chips and long-range couplers to implement efficient quantum error
correction codes. Quantum channels used for these purposes are best
modeled by multimode resonators, which lie between single-mode cavities
and waveguides with a continuum of modes. In this Letter, we propose a
non-Markovian formalism for quantum state transfer using coupling
strengths comparable to the channel's free spectral range (
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 023602 (2025)
Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Quantum control, Quantum state transfer, Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, Superconducting qubits
Metasurface Polarization Optics: Phase Manipulation for Arbitrary Polarization Conversion Condition
Research article | Metasurfaces | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Siqi Li, Chen Chen, Guoxi Wang, Suyang Ge, Jiaqi Zhao, Xianshun Ming, Wei Zhao, Tao Li, and Wenfu Zhang
Metasurface polarization optics have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to manipulate independently the wave fronts of different polarization channels with subwavelength scale. Previous methods mainly focused on the condition of complete polarization conversion, restricting the application range of metasurface polarization multiplexing. Here, we proposed a generalized framework of phase manipulation for the metasurface polarization optics, which can realize independent phase control and arbitrary energy distribution of different polarization channels for the arbitrary polarization conversion efficiency. Based on this principle, we experimentally demonstrate tripolarization-channel wave-front control for the arbitrary polarization state (elliptical, circular, and linear). The arbitrary energy distribution of different polarization channels has been achieved via varying the polarization conversion efficiency. The proposed framework significantly improves the performance of metasurface in the polarization multiplexing and energy distribution, and expands the application scope of metasurface in the polarization optics.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 023803 (2025)
Metasurfaces, Nanophotonics, Optical vortices
All-Optical Blast-Wave Control of Laser Wakefield Acceleration in a Near-Critical Plasma
Research article | Beam injection, extraction & transport | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
I. Tsymbalov, D. Gorlova, K. Ivanov, E. Starodubtseva, R. Volkov, I. Tsygvintsev, Yu. Kochetkov, Ph. Korneev, A. Polonski, and A. Savel'ev
We propose a novel method for changing the length of laser wakefield electron acceleration in a gas jet using a cylindrical blast-wave created by a perpendicularly focused nanosecond laser pulse. The shock front modifies the wake significantly and stops interaction between the laser pulse and accelerated electron bunch, allowing one to directly control the interaction length and avoid dephasing. It also improves the electron beam quality through the plasma lensing effect between the two shock fronts. We demonstrated both experimentally and numerically how this approach can be used to form a quasimonoenergetic electron bunch with controlled energy and improved divergence as well as tracking changes in the bunch parameters during acceleration.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 025101 (2025)
Beam injection, extraction & transport, Laser wakefield acceleration, Laser-plasma interactions, Relativistic multiple-particle dynamics, Shock waves & discontinuities in plasma, Laboratory plasma, Near-critical & underdense plasmas, Relativistic plasmas, Femtosecond laser irradiation, Fokker-Planck & Vlasov model, Hydrodynamic models, Optical interferometry, Optical plasma measurements, Particle-in-cell methods, Plasma diagnostic techniques
Nonlinear Superconducting Magnetoelectric Effect
Research article | Magnetoelectric effect | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Jin-Xin Hu, Oles Matsyshyn, and Justin C. W. Song
Supercurrent flow can induce a nonvanishing spin magnetization in
noncentrosymmetric superconductors with spin-orbit interaction. Often
known as the nondissipative magnetoelectric effect, these are most
commonly found at linear order in supercurrent flow. Here, we propose
that a nonlinear superconducting magnetoelectric (NSM) effect can
naturally manifest in magnet-superconductor heterostructures. In such
platforms, NSM manifests as the spin polarization generated as a
second-order response to a driving supercurrent. Strikingly, we find NSM
survives centrosymmetry and is the leading-order magnetic response in a
variety of magnetic materials that include both collinear magnets (e.g.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026001 (2025)
Magnetoelectric effect, Superconductivity, Altermagnets
Temperature Dependence of Electron Viscosity in Superballistic GaAs Point Contacts
Research article | Ballistic transport | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Daniil I. Sarypov, Dmitriy A. Pokhabov, Arthur G. Pogosov, Evgeny Yu. Zhdanov, Andrey A. Shevyrin, Askhat K. Bakarov, and Alexander A. Shklyaev
Hydrodynamic description of collective electron motion turns out to be fruitful, since it provides a reliable physical concept that allows engineering the electron-electron interaction. We experimentally study the relation between two fundamental quantities---the electron viscosity and the Fermi quasiparticle lifetime---beyond the applicability limit of the Fermi liquid theory. We use point contact (PC) geometry to study electron transport and observe superballistic PC conductance, which is a signature of the electron viscosity. At high enough temperatures, the viscosity-lifetime relation is shown to diverge from the theoretically predicted one and turns out to be nontrivial. In addition, we study these phenomena in PCs freely suspended over a substrate, i.e., under the unique experimental conditions of enhanced electron-electron interaction. Suspension is found to reduce the electron viscosity in the whole temperature range, which makes the suspended structures a promising test bed for studying hydrodynamic effects in solids.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026302 (2025)
Ballistic transport, Interparticle interactions, Mesoscopics, Transport phenomena, Fermi liquid theory
Flat and Tunable Moir'e Phonons in Twisted Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
Research article | Ferroelectricity | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Alejandro Ramos-Alonso, Benjamin Remez, Daniel Bennett, Rafael M. Fernandes, and Héctor Ochoa
An out-of-plane electric field can tune the phonon dispersion of twisted van der Waals multilayers.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026501 (2025)
Ferroelectricity, Phonons, Transition metal dichalcogenides, Twisted heterostructures, Domain walls, Lattice models in condensed matter, Multiscale modeling, Solitons
Fermionic Isometric Tensor Network States in Two Dimensions
Research article | 2-dimensional systems | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Zhehao Dai, Yantao Wu, Taige Wang, and Michael P. Zaletel
We generalize isometric tensor network states to fermionic systems, paving the way for efficient adaptations of 1D tensor network algorithms to 2D fermionic systems. As the first application of this formalism, we developed and benchmarked a time-evolving block-decimation (TEBD) algorithm for real-time and imaginary-time evolution. The imaginary-time evolution produces ground-state energies for gapped systems, systems with a Dirac point, and systems with gapless edge modes to good accuracy. The real-time TEBD captures the scattering of two fermions and the chiral edge dynamics on the boundary of a Chern insulator.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026502 (2025)
2-dimensional systems, Lattice models in condensed matter, Tensor network methods
Anomalous Spin and Orbital Hall Phenomena in Antiferromagnetic Systems
Research article | Antiferromagnetism | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
J. E. Abrão, E. Santos, J. L. Costa, J. G. S. Santos, J. B. S. Mendes, and A. Azevedo
We investigate anomalous spin and orbital Hall phenomena in
antiferromagnetic materials via orbital pumping experiments. Conducting
spin and orbital pumping experiments on
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026702 (2025)
Antiferromagnetism, Exchange bias, Magnetism, Spin current, Spin pumping, Spin-orbit coupling, Spintronics, Antiferromagnets, Epitaxy, Ferromagnetic resonance, Magneto-optical Kerr effect, Sputtering
Ultrafast Optical Control of Rashba Interactions in a TMDC Heterostructure
Research article | Excitons | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Henry Mittenzwey, Abhijeet M. Kumar, Raghav Dhingra, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Cornelius Gahl, Kirill I. Bolotin, Malte Selig, and Andreas Knorr
We investigate spin relaxation dynamics of interlayer excitons in a
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026901 (2025)
Excitons, Kerr effect, Phonons, Rashba coupling, Spin relaxation, Spin-orbit coupling, Valleytronics, Transition metal dichalcogenides
Strategy for Direct Detection of Chiral Phonons with Phase-Structured Free Electrons
Research article | Chirality | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Marc R. Bourgeois, Andrew W. Rossi, and David J. Masiello
Chiral phonons possessing valley pseudoangular momentum (PAM) underlie a diversity of quantum phenomena of fundamental and applied importance, but are challenging to probe directly. We show that deficiencies of typical momentum-resolved electron energy loss measurements that make it impossible to distinguish the PAM of chiral phonons can be overcome by introducing pinwheel free electron states with well-defined PAM. Transitions between such states generate 2D periodic arrays of in-plane field vortices with polarization textures tailored to selectively couple to desired chiral mode symmetries.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 026902 (2025)
Chirality, Electron beams & optics, Phonons, Spin texture, Topological materials, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Observation of Nonreciprocal Diffraction of Surface Acoustic Wave
Research article | Magnetoelastic effect | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Y. Nii, K. Yamamoto, M. Kanno, S. Maekawa, and Y. Onose
The rectification phenomenon caused by the simultaneous breaking of time-reversal and spatial inversion symmetries has been extended to a wide range of (quasi)particles and waves; however, nonreciprocal diffraction, which is the imbalance of upward and downward deflections, was previously observed only for photons and remained to be extended to other (quasi)particles. In this Letter, we present evidence of the nonreciprocal diffraction of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) utilizing a magnetoelastic grating on a SAW device. Asymmetric diffraction intensities were observed when the ferromagnetic resonance was acoustically excited. Based on a theoretical model, we attribute the microscopic origin of this phenomenon to the resonant scattering involving ferromagnetic resonance excitations. The novel property may pave an avenue to further development of SAW devices for various purposes, including microwave communications and quantum engineering applications.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 027001 (2025)
Magnetoelastic effect, Magnons, Phononic crystals, Spin-phonon coupling, Ferromagnetic resonance, Surface acoustic wave
Physical Review X
Superconducting Quantum Oscillations and Anomalous Negative Magnetoresistance in a Honeycomb Nanopatterned Oxide Interface Superconductor
Research article | Interfaces | 2025-01-14 05:00 EST
Yishuai Wang, Siyuan Hong, Wenze Pan, Yi Zhou, and Yanwu Xie
Magnetoresistance measurements of an oxide-interface superconductor points to the potential of such materials as a platform for exploring exotic quantum states.
Phys. Rev. X 15, 011006 (2025)
Interfaces, Superconducting devices, Superconductors, Thin films, Two-dimensional electron system